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History of 64-bit Computing: AMD64 and Intel Itanium Processors
64-bit History
• “640K ought to be enough for anybody” – Bill Gates
• 64-bit twice as fast as 32-bits?
• Benefits of 64-bit technology
• Applications of 64-bit technology
AMD64 Outline
• AMD Athlon 64 Specifications
• Operating Modes
• Register overview
• DDR controller and Hypertransport
AMD Athlon 64 Specifications
Infrastructure Socket 754
Number of Transistors 105.9 million
64-bit Instruction Set YES
32-bit Instruction Set YES
System Bus Technology Hypertransport
Integrated DDR Controller YES
On-Chip Cache L1: 128KB
L2: 512KB-1024KB
Clock-Speed 1.8Ghz-2.4Ghz
AMD64 Operating Modes
AMD64 Register Overview
Reduce Bottlenecks
• DDR Memory Controller
– Built into CPU
– Saves Time
• Hypertransport
– Transport Speeds
– Data packets
Intel Itanium Outline
• Itanium Processor Specifications
• Itanium Features
• Itanium Epic Architecture
• IA-64 Instruction Set
• IA-64 vs. IA-32
The Itanium Processor
• Designed for 1-4000 processor workstations and servers.
• Level 3 bus designed for communication between processors
• Level 2 cache reduces traffic
• Page sizes from 4KB-256MB