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BLOCK DIAGRAM
POWER SUPPLY
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
• The 7805 is a VOLTAGE REGULATOR.
• Looks like a transistor but it is actually an integrated circuit with 3 legs.
• It takes a higher Dc voltage and turn it into a nice, smooth 5 volts DC.
• Needed to feed it at least 8 volts and no more than 30 volts to do this.
• Handles around .5 to .75 amps, but it gets hot. Use a heat sink.
• Use it to power circuits that need to use or run off of 5 volts
MICRO CONTROLLER
Pin Diagram:
RTC
 A Real-Time Clock is a Computer Clock most often in the form of an integrated circuit that keeps track of the current time.
 RTC should not be confused with real-time computing, which shares its three-letter acronym, but does not directly relate to time of day.
 Here, RTC uses a Lithium battery of 3Volts as an alternate source of power.
 Here, RTC also uses a Crystal Oscillator with frequency 3.579KHZ.
ADVANTAGES
• Low power consumption important when running from alternate power.
• Frees the main system for time-critical tasks.
• Sometimes more accurate than other methods although personal computer RTCs are often inaccurate.
• LCD
Definition
• LCD is a very small, thin panel used for electronically displaying the information such as time, date and on/off condition of the home appliances.
• Here, we use 2Line x 16Character LCD Display which contains 2 Lines and each line has 16 characters.
ADVANTAGES
• The declining prices of LCDs.
• The ability to display numbers, characters and graphics. This is a contrast to LEDs, which are limited to numbers and a few characters.
• Incorporation of a refreshing controller into the LCD, thereby relieving the CPU of the task of refreshing the LCD. In contrast, the LED must be refreshed by the CPU (or in some other way) to keep displaying the data.
• Ease of programming for characters and graphics.
• RELAY
Definition
• A relay is an electrical switch that can open and close under the control of another electrical circuit.
• An electromagnetic relay is a type of electrical switch controlled by an electromagnet.
• In the original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contacts.
• The relays take an advantage of the fact that when electricity flows through a coil, it becomes an electromagnet.
RELAY CONNECTIONS
ADVANTAGES
• Relays can switch AC and DC.
• Relays can switch high voltages.
• Relays are a better choice for switching large currents (>5A)
• Relays can switch many contacts at once.
• Relays are low in price and they have ruggedness, durability.
INPUT SWITCHES
• The input switches are used for working in auto mode, that is, the home appliances become on / off according to the time set. The timing can be controlled by these switches.
• When we give Power Supply and if we don’t switch on the Input Switches, the home appliances work in “Normal Mode” means they are always OFF.
• When we give Power Supply and if we switch on the Input Switches, the home appliances work in “Auto Mode” means according to the time written in the program, the home appliances get automatically on and off without the need of man.
• The Input Switches are essentially needed for the home appliances to operate in the Auto Mode.
HOME APPLIANCES
 Home appliances are the electronic devices that are very useful at home.
 Some examples of Home Appliances are Bulb, fan, T.V, Refrigerator, Computer and so on.
 Generally, in this project, we control the bulb, since we need the bulb to get on and off during day and night times every day, unlike the home appliances like
• Fan, Refrigerator which we use continuously and
• T.V, Computer which we use at any time according to our desire.
CONCLUSION
• Hence, the project “DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED TIMER FOR HOME APPLIANCES” has been successfully designed and tested.
• It has been developed by integrating features of all the hardware components used. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the best working of the unit.

• Secondly, using highly advanced ICs and with the help of growing technology the project has been successfully implemented.
FUTURE SCOPE
 This project provides automatic control of the Home Appliances using timers. In future, we can design timers to control Real-Time Systems automatically without the need of man… for example
• Street Lights
• Traffic Lights
• Lights in stadiums and
• Lights in Auditoriums