28-04-2011, 09:54 AM
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DESIGNING ADVANCED FIGHTER AIRCRAFT
Fighter Aircraft Requirements
The Evolution of Stealth Technology
The Advanced Tactical Fighter
The Design Process
The Future of Aircraft Design
Opportunities for ME’s in Aerospace
ASME
MODERN FIGHTER AIRCRAFT REQUIREMENTS
Air Superiority – controlling the airspace within a limited area and within a limited length of time
Stealth – seeing the enemy before they see you
Maneuverability – not top speed, but climbing performance, acceleration and turning speed
Aerodynamics – wing loading – aircraft weight divided by wing area – one of the most important
Range – ability of the aircraft to reach the combat zone and cover it
Engine – thrust to weight ratio, favorable fuel consumption, low infrared and smoke
Avionics – Vehicle and systems management, reduced pilot workload, all weather capability
Armament- kind and quantity of stores on board
Reliability and Maintainability – systems have a high operational rate and are easy to repair
THE EVOLUTION OF STEALTH AIRCRAFT
THE EVOLUTION OF STEALTH
THE EVOLUTION OF STEALTH
STEALTH CHARACTERISTICS
THE FIRST STEALTH AIRCRAFT
FIGHTER GENERATIONS
STEALTH GROWS UP
STEALTH GROWS UP
DEVELOPING A TRULY STEALTH FIGHTER
DEVELOPING A TRULY STEALTH FIGHTER
DEVELOPING A TRULY STEALTH FIGHTER
YF-23A BLACK WIDOW II
Two Prototypes were built
PAV 1 - two Pratt & Whitney YF119 engines
PAV 2 - two GE YF120 engines
NORTHROP GRUMMAN AN AIRFRAME MANUFACTURER
Responsible for the design, manufacture and integration of aircraft and aircraft sub-assemblies
AIRCRAFT DESIGN PROCESS
Customer Requirements
Conceptual Design Phase
General size and configuration of the aircraft • aerodynamics studies • thrust loading • wing loading • wing sweep • general body, wing and tail configurations
Preliminary Design Phase
Best conceptual design is chosen for testing • inlet/engine/airframe integration • major loads and stresses • weight • stability and control • internal arrangement
Detailed Design Phase
Configuration frozen • Detailed structural design • Detailed system design and installation • Production drawings
Development Phase
Manufacturing and assembly
AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING GROUPS
Aerodynamics
Advanced Design
Avionics (airborne electronics)
Crew Station (cockpit)
ECS (environmental control system)
Electrical
Flight Test
Fuel Systems
Hydraulic Systems
Propulsion Integration (engines)
Reliability and Maintainability
Safety
Structures
Vehicle Management (flight control)
CONFIGURATION/ SYSTEMS INTEGRATION
Responsible for overall internal and external systems arrangement
Work with every design group and coordinate and integrate their designs into a single aircraft design
Final Product:
Inboard Profile Drawing • Aperture Arrangement • Three Views • Zone Drawings
INBOARD PROFILE
APERTURE ARRANGEMENT
AIRCRAFT DESIGN IS A COMPROMISE
It is the task of the aircraft design engineer to balance the customer requirements with the physical constraints, cost and time-scale, in order to produce the most effective aircraft possible.
Aircraft Design Requires Teamwork
No “one” design group is more important than the others.
Note: All Engineering involves Compromises!
LOOK WHAT HAPPENS WHEN DESIGN GROUPS HAVE THEIR WAY
ENGINEERING JOB DESCRIPTIONS
Design - From Concept to Production
Good understanding of engineering principles
See things in 3-D (Geometry, Graphics, Kinematics)
Like to solve problems, come up with better ways of doing things
Analysis - Verify engineering designs (Stress, Thermal, Aerodynamics, Dynamics)
Engineering Theory and Mathematics
Problem solving
Test - Verify functionality of design
Basic understanding of engineering theory and design principles
Lab work and strict guidelines and procedures
Operations- Maintaining and operating final product
Basic understanding of engineering design and systems
Understand how and why things work
