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design review of shaft for strength and rigidity


Shaft is a common machine element which is used to transmit rotary motion or torque. It generally has circular cross-section and can be solid or hollow. Shafts are supported on the bearings and transmit torque with the help of gears, belts and pulleys etc. Shafts are generally subjected to bending moment, torsion and axial force or a combination of these three. So the shafts are designed depending upon the combination of loads it is subjected to. Spindle stub and axle are some important types of shaft. Small shaft is called spindle. Shaft integral part of the prime mover is called stub shaft. An axle is a non-rotating member that carries no torque and is used to support rotating wheels, pulleys etc. And therefore is subjected to bending moment only.

The shafts may be designed on the basis of
1. Strength
2. Rigidity and stiffness.

In designing shafts on the basis of strength, the following cases may be considered :
(a) Shafts subjected to twisting moment or torque only,
(b) Shafts subjected to bending moment only,
© Shafts subjected to combined twisting and bending moments, and
(d) Shafts subjected to axial loads in addition to combined torsional and bending loads.