18-09-2014, 02:39 PM
i am the student of b.tech. i need the CRYOCAR report in pdf files. so please provide me asap.
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cryocar pdf
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i am the student of b.tech. i need the CRYOCAR report in pdf files. so please provide me asap.
09-03-2017, 11:14 AM
Cryogens are efficient thermal storage media that, when used for automotive purposes, offer significant advantages over current and proposed electrochemical battery technologies, both in performance and economy. We present a concept of automotive propulsion that uses liquid nitrogen as working fluid for an open Rankine cycle. The principle of operation is like that of a steam engine, except that there is no combustion involved. The liquid nitrogen is pressurized and then vaporized in a heat exchanger by the ambient temperature of the surrounding air. The resulting high pressure nitrogen gas is fed at the engine conversion pressure at mechanical power. The only escape is nitrogen. The use of cryogenic fuels has a significant advantage over other fuels. In addition, factors such as the production and storage of nitrogen and pollutants in exhaust gases give advantage to cryogenic fuels.
The importance of cars in today's world is increasing day by day. There are several factors that influence the choice of car. These include performance, fuel, pollution, etc. As fuel prices are increasing and availability is declining we have to go for the alternative option. Here we present a concept of automotive propulsion that uses liquid nitrogen as working fluid for an open Rankine cycle. When the only heat input to the engine is supplied by the ambient heat exchangers, an automobile can be propelled easily while meeting the stringent exhaust emission standards. Nitrogen propulsion systems can provide automotive ranges of nearly 400 kilometers in zero emission mode, with lower operating costs than those of electric vehicles currently considered for series production.
In geographic regions that allow ultra low emission vehicles, the range and performance of the automotive liquid nitrogen can be significantly expanded by adding a small efficient burner. Some of the advantages of a liquid nitrogen-based transport infrastructure are that recharging the energy storage system takes only minutes and there are minimal environmental risks associated with the manufacture and use of the cryogenic "fuel". The basic idea of the nitrogen propulsion system is to use the atmosphere as a source of heat. This is in contrast to the typical heat engine where the atmosphere is used as the heat sink.
HISTORY
The LN2000 is an operational proof of concept test vehicle, a converted 1984 Grumman-Olson Kubvan mail delivery van. The application of LN2 as a portable thermal storage medium to drive both passenger and fleet vehicles seems to be an attractive means to comply with ZEV regulations soon to be implemented. Pressurizing the working fluid while at cryogenic temperatures, heating it with ambient air and expanding it in reciprocating engines is a direct approach to fuel-free vehicles. Environmental heat exchangers that will not suffer extreme ice will have to be developed to allow the wide utility of this propulsion system. Since the expansion motor operates at sub-ambient temperatures, the potential for almost isothermal operation appears promising. The engine, a 15-horsepower five-cylinder radial air engine, drives the front wheels through a five-speed manual transmission from Volkswagen. Liquid nitrogen is stored in a stainless steel tank. At present the tank is pressurized with nitrogen gas to develop system pressure, but a cryogenic liquid pump will be used for this purpose in the future. A preheater, called an economizer, uses the remaining heat in the engine exhaust to preheat the liquid nitrogen before it enters the heat exchanger. The specific energy densities of LN2 are 54 and 87 W-h / kg-LN2 for the adiabatic and isothermal expansion processes, respectively, and the corresponding amounts of cryogen to provide a 300 km driving field would be 450 kg and 280 kg. Many details of the application of thermal storage of LN2 to land transport have yet to be investigated; However, to date, no fundamental technological obstacles have been discovered that could hinder the full exploitation of the potential offered by this revolutionary concept of propulsion.
The importance of cars in today's world is increasing day by day. There are several factors that influence the choice of car. These include performance, fuel, pollution, etc. As fuel prices are increasing and availability is declining we have to go for the alternative option. Here we present a concept of automotive propulsion that uses liquid nitrogen as working fluid for an open Rankine cycle. When the only heat input to the engine is supplied by the ambient heat exchangers, an automobile can be propelled easily while meeting the stringent exhaust emission standards. Nitrogen propulsion systems can provide automotive ranges of nearly 400 kilometers in zero emission mode, with lower operating costs than those of electric vehicles currently considered for series production.
In geographic regions that allow ultra low emission vehicles, the range and performance of the automotive liquid nitrogen can be significantly expanded by adding a small efficient burner. Some of the advantages of a liquid nitrogen-based transport infrastructure are that recharging the energy storage system takes only minutes and there are minimal environmental risks associated with the manufacture and use of the cryogenic "fuel". The basic idea of the nitrogen propulsion system is to use the atmosphere as a source of heat. This is in contrast to the typical heat engine where the atmosphere is used as the heat sink.
HISTORY
The LN2000 is an operational proof of concept test vehicle, a converted 1984 Grumman-Olson Kubvan mail delivery van. The application of LN2 as a portable thermal storage medium to drive both passenger and fleet vehicles seems to be an attractive means to comply with ZEV regulations soon to be implemented. Pressurizing the working fluid while at cryogenic temperatures, heating it with ambient air and expanding it in reciprocating engines is a direct approach to fuel-free vehicles. Environmental heat exchangers that will not suffer extreme ice will have to be developed to allow the wide utility of this propulsion system. Since the expansion motor operates at sub-ambient temperatures, the potential for almost isothermal operation appears promising. The engine, a 15-horsepower five-cylinder radial air engine, drives the front wheels through a five-speed manual transmission from Volkswagen. Liquid nitrogen is stored in a stainless steel tank. At present the tank is pressurized with nitrogen gas to develop system pressure, but a cryogenic liquid pump will be used for this purpose in the future. A preheater, called an economizer, uses the remaining heat in the engine exhaust to preheat the liquid nitrogen before it enters the heat exchanger. The specific energy densities of LN2 are 54 and 87 W-h / kg-LN2 for the adiabatic and isothermal expansion processes, respectively, and the corresponding amounts of cryogen to provide a 300 km driving field would be 450 kg and 280 kg. Many details of the application of thermal storage of LN2 to land transport have yet to be investigated; However, to date, no fundamental technological obstacles have been discovered that could hinder the full exploitation of the potential offered by this revolutionary concept of propulsion.
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