critical appreciation of inchape rock in 500 words
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i would like to get details on critical appreciation of inchape rock in 500 words
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Inchcape Rock is a popular poem by Robert Southey about the Inchcape Rock Legend, a reef which is situated in the North Sea, close to the coastal region of Angus in Scotland. The Inchcape Rock is known for its infamy as causation for shipwreck.
This poem by Robert Southey revolves around the famous folktale of an Abbot, a monk who placed a bell on the reef to issue warning to seamen and seafarers about the impending danger during storms. According to the folktale, whenever the bell used to ring, the seafarers used to bless the Abbot’s wisdom and thank him for saving them from danger. But a sea robber named Ralph cut down the bell to earn money and treasures from the ships that fatally crashed against the rock. However, a day came when Ralph’s vessel too encounters a storm and crashes against the rock. This is when he hears death bells ringing.

A ballad is a long, narrative poem that tells a story. The Inchcape Rock is written in the form of a ballad interwoven with a number of poetical devices to convey a moral lesson- ‘As you sow, so shall you reap.’
A ballad is traditionally sung by a wandering musician. Here, each stanza of the first line rhymes with the second and the third with the fourth. An example is given below:
“The buoy of the Inchcape Bell was seen
A darker speck on the ocean green;
Sir Ralph the Rover, walk’d his deck
And he fix’d his eye on the darker speck.”

Alliteration is the close repetition of the consonant sounds at the beginning of words to facilitate narration. Examples of alliteration in the poem are,-
a. The ship was as still as she could be
b. Without either sign or sound of their shock

Personification is a figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstract ideas are given human attributes or feelings. An example of Personification in the poem is:

“The Ship was as still as she could be
Her sails from heaven received no motion,
Her keel was steady in the ocean.”
A metaphor is that figure of speech where comparison of two different things are implied but not clearly stated. Example of metaphor in the poem is given below,-

“A sound as if with the Inchcape Bell
The Devil below was ringing his knell.”

The poet has used descriptive and narrative techniques to enhance the effect of the poem. The poem, The Inchcape Rock, provides a fine verbal image of the calm atmosphere of the sea. Then the Inchcape Rock is introduced, the old Abott’s plan of putting a bell. This way the ballad glides from one incident to another very smoothly, providing a vividly picture into the readers minds.
Example of Visual images in the poem:
1. The sun in heaven was shining gay.
2. The waves flowed over the Inchcape Rock.
Examples of Sound images in the poem:
1. And over the waves its warning rung.
2. The sea birds screamed as they wheeled round,
And there was joyance in their sound.

Robert Southey
· Born – August 12, 1774 Bristol England.
· Died – 21 march 1843 England.
· He was a poet and laureate to Romantic school
· Famous works : -

1) The fall of Robes Pierre (17940
2) Joan of Arc – An epic Poem (1796)
3) After Blen Heim (1798)
4) Devil’s thoughts (1799)


BACKGROUND OF THE POEM

Robert Southey composed the poem for the Morning Post, but it was not published until 1802. This poem was written somewhere between the period of 1796 to 1798. It remained uncorrected among many papers for ten years. At last it was published in 1812. Southey was inspired by the legendary story of a pirate who removed a bell on Inchcape Rock placed by Abbot of Arbroath.



ABOUT THE POEM

The poem takes place near a notorious sand stone reef about 18 Km. off the east coast of Scotland. The whole poem is written in a ballad form. The poem acquaints us how a pirate removed the bell from the Inchcape Rock and subsequently got killed justifying the divine judgement. The poem gives us a message that those who do wrong things will meet due punishment.

A POEM OF POETIC JUSTICE

The Inchcape Rock” is a perfect embodiment of Poetic Justice. We come to know about the story of the Rock legend. Abbot of Aberbroath, a monk placed a bell on the dangerous reef to warn the ships and mariners. But one day wicked Ralph; the pirate removed the bell and turned the dangerous reef again a death trap for him. But we once get to see the poetic justice to play in the story at the end when wicked Ralph himself was going through that area. His ship could not assess the dangerous reef and turned out to be a victim of the deadly reef. And thus the poetic justice was made.



THE INCHCAPE Rock – a Ballad

If a Ballad means a long narrative poem which tells a story, then “The Inchcape Rock is a ballad which fulfils the characteristics of a story. The poem is a big one with seventeen stanzas acquainting us with a didactic story. Here we come across a pirate who cuts the bell placed on a sand reef to warn the mariners and the ships against the peril and how the pirate on another day falls prey to the divine justice.

STANZA WISE EXPLANATION

STANZA – 1

The atmosphere of the sea is calm and quite. There is no movement in the air. The ship was devoid any threats of story wind. The sails of the ship had been silent and keel of the ship was steady and strong in the ocean.

Poetic Devices in use

1) Repetition – ‘No stir’
2) Antithesis – No stir in the air, no stir in the sea
3) Anaphora – her sails ....................
Her keel ...............

STANZA – 2

This is the place of dangerous Inchcape Rock. As there is no movement in the air, the waves have died down and no sound could be heard from the Inchcape bell.

Poetic Devices in use

1) Repetition – ‘So little’
2) Antithesis – So little they rose, so little they fall
3) Personification – Here waves are referred as ‘They’

STANZA -3

This talks about the great monk Abbot of Aber Brothok and his benevolent deed of placing the warning bell over Inchcape Rock. He placed it on a buoy. Whenever stony waves will initiate , this bell starts making warning sounds and thus warns the mariners and their ships from the shipwreck.



Poetic Devices in use

1) Inversion – On a buoy in the storm it floated and swung.

STANZA – 4

This stanza talks about the utility of the bell. When there is high tide and when it becomes impossible to locate the Inchcape Rock by mariners, the sound of the bell warns the mariners about the perilous rock and they get warned. Then thus they used to get saved by the bell, they used to bless Abbot of Abber Brothok for this noble deed.

Poetic Devices in use

1) Alliteration – Surge’s swell, then they (line -3)
2) Anaphora – And then
And blest ........

STANZA – 5

This fifth stanza talks about the jubilant weather. It was a bright sunny day. Everything of nature seemed to be mirthful on that day. The sea birds are screaming while flying around and the sounds created by them were filled with joy.

Poetic Devices in use

1) Symbolism – heaven (meaning sky )
2) Personification – The sun is described as ‘gay’

STANZA – 6

This sixth stanza tells us about the buoy and Sir Ralph’s approach to the Inchcape Rock. The buoy of the Inchcape bell is visible like a darkness speck on the green ocean. Sir Ralph walked over his deck and set his eye or the buoy.



Poetic Devices in use

1) Inversion – A darker speck on the ocean green.

STANZA – 7

This stanza shows how Sir Ralph was joyous over the pleasant spring weather and how he had the wicked intention. Sir Ralph is found at the utmost peak of mirth. He is singing and whistling. But this mirth is actually his wickedness.

Poetic Devices in use –

1) Onomatopoeia – ‘whistle’
2) Alliteration – ‘his heart’

STANZA – 8

In the eighth stanza we see the real wickedness of sir Ralph. He looked intently at the Inchcape Rock. Then he ordered his men to take him to the Inchcape Rock by boat. He made up his mind of bringing an end to the benevolent work of Abbot of Aber Brothok

Poetic Devices in use

1) Inversion – quoth he, ‘my men, put out the boat
2) Anaphora – And row
And I’ll

STANZA – 9

Stanza nine shows execution of his wicked plans. Sir Ralph got on the boat which the boatmen rowed and when the boat reached the Inchcape Rock. Sir Ralph cut the Inchcape bell.

1) Inversion – And to the Inchcape Rock they go.



STANZA -10

This stanza shows how the bell drowned and comments of Sir Ralph over this. With a gurgling sound the bell sank down. There had been bubbles while the bell drowned. Sir Ralph said that moon would ever thank Abbot of Abber Brothok after that act.

Poetic Devices in use

1) Onomatopoeia – gurgling
2) Inversion – i) ‘Down sank the bell with a gurgling sound”
ii) Quoth Sir Ralph............


STANZA – 11

This stanza gives us a gap in time. Sir Ralph, the rover has become rich by looting a lot of the ships and now he is heading towards the shore of Scotland.

Poetic Devices in use

1) Alliteration – Scotland’s shore

STANZA – 12

This stanza talks about a day which is troubled with ill weather. The sun is not visible as because of hazy sky. Throughout the day wind had blown like a storm. At the evening the wind died away signifying the approach of a horrible storm.



STANZA – 13

Sir Ralph is found standing on the deck. The atmosphere is so dark that they cannot see anything. Sir Ralph is optimistic that soon there will be a change in the weather in positive. He assumes that it was down and moon will soon be seen.

Poetic Device in use

1) Inversion i) on the deck, the Rover takes his stand
ii) so dark it is they see no land.

STANZA – 14

This stanza is the beginning of the end. One of the sailors stated that he could hear the breaker’s sound. This signifies that shore is very near. He further states that he does not have any idea where they stand with the ship. But he had strong wish if he could hear the warning sound of the Inchcape bell.

Poetic Devices in use

1) Inversion – “Now where we are we cannot tell”.

STANZA – 15

This stanza fulfils the poetic justice. Because of high waves they heard no sound. In spite of the fact that the wind has fallen they drifted along and they received the shivering shock. Immediately they understood that their ship had hit the Inchcape rock. They called for the Christ as the son of God.

Poetic Devices in use

1) Alliteration – ‘Though the’, ‘Shivering shock’, “Till the”



STANZA – 16

This is the time for sir Ralph to go mad. He almost tore his hair in frustration and cursed himself in despair. Water waves started to enter the ship and started to engulf the ship. The ship started to drown beneath the high tide.

Poetic Devices in use

1) Alliteration – ‘his hair’, ‘the tidy’
2) Anaphora – The waves
The ship

STANZA – 17

Here sir Ralph goes through his dreadful hallucinations. In his dying fear as if he could hear the ringing sound of the Inchcape Bell of Abbot of Aber Brothok. He felt as if the death bell was rung by Devil himself.

Poetic Devices in use

1) Inversion – One dreadful sound could the Rover hear.

STRUCTURE OF THE POEM


The poem “The Inchcape Rock”, is a poem of 68 lines divided into 17 stanzas of 4 lines each. It follows the rhyme scheme of aabb throughout the poem. We find extensive use of Alliteration, Inversion, Imagery, Anaphora and personification in the poem.
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