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Abstract
User interfaces to control networked house hold appliances are often inadequate. Either they are too
simplistic or they are too complex like PC based interface. So user interface that support complex
functionalities and easy to user is required.
In this report, digital pen and paper is presented as a suitable interface. Three components make up the
system-pen, paper and software. Digital pen and paper technology promises to capture hand written data
and it also transfers instantaneously to a digital world. Digital pens are marginally larger than their
traditional counterparts .It records every pen stroke with a built-in camera and stores it. Digital papers
are ordinary papers with a unique pattern printed on it. Paper has dots barely visible by human eye
called ‘anoto pattern’. The stored information is send via Bluetooth to the local area network from where
it is send to the household for controlling.
The whole approach is integrated with an Open Services Gateway Initiative (OSGI) which gives
flexibility to appliances using different protocols

Networked Appliances
Networked appliances are typically deployed inside
home and are connected to a local area
network(LAN). These appliances use a large number
of protocols to communicate such as the Universal
Plug and Play(UpnP), X-10,Bluetooth,Home Audio
Video Interoparability(HAVI) AND Multimedia
Home Platform(MHP).So appliances using different
protocols cannot communicate with each other.This
issue is solved by use of a residential gateway which
can act as a glue or bridge between protocols. The
residential gateway links the home with the internet
and offers services like network address translator
and firewall functionalities. The gateway also hosts
the software services which control the appliances.

Digital Pen And Paper
The Paper
To properly use the digital function of a pen , writing
has to occur on specially prepared paper.The paper
consists of dots barely visible to the naked eye which
orms a grid and act as a map coordinate to direct the
exact location of every penstroke on the paper. The
dot pattern is like a two dimensional barcode which
has small dots spaced 0.3mm apart.
The complete pattern space is divided into various
domain.Each domain is given a special purpose like
memo formatting, personal planning, note book
paper, etc. The anoto pattern can be printed onto any
paper using a standard printing process with atleast
600 dpi resolutions and carbon based black ink.

Digital Pen
Apart from the mundane duty of writing in ink , the
digital pen is able to record every penstroke through a
built-in camera. When we write with the digital pen,
snapshots of the writing are taken about 50 shots per
second. Every snap shot contains exact information
to make calculation of exact position of the pen.
Recorded pen strokes including drawing and sketches
are stored in the pens memory. Memory has 856KB
of stroke memory or the equivalent of 40 written
pages. Memory use as well as battery life is indicated

by using 2 separate light indicators. The battery used
is a lithium ion battery with upto 3 hours of charge
retention capacity. The pen is recharged in a cradle
that hooks to personal computer via USB. This cradle
also acts as an automatic download point for recorded
pen strokes. The available pen brands are Logitech
IO pens, Maxwell digital pens, Adapx pens, Nokia
SU-1B.

How Does It Work
Once a paper is completed, the information is
transferred to the mobile phone using Bluetooth from
where it is send to the service provider. The service
provider processes the information and sends it to
target destination which is the user’s home. After
downloading a document into PC, the document can
be stored, modified or can even be e-mailed
automatically. Text conversation can also be
accomplished. This feature enables written notes to
be converted to text file with 90% accuracy. The
system also has second software called text
recognition software. Using this software, pen
identifies user’s handwriting so that a second person
will not be able to use it. Each pen is assigned a
unique ID. So while transferring data, pens ID is also
sent along with it. This is done to find the correct
destination. The mobile phone transfers these
information should support Bluetooth 1.1 and the
Bluetooth profiles dial-up networking (DUN) and the
object push profile (OPP). The mobile acts like a
modem and using GPRS sends the data on to the
service provider.

Osgi-Open Services Gateway Initiative
In our home, we use a number of appliances with
different protocols. So for the proper functioning of
pen and paper technology, there should be a system
which can integrate all the protocols. This system is
called Open Services Gateway Initiative (OSGi). It is
an industry group working to define an open standard
for connecting the next generation of smart consumer
and small business appliances with commercial
internet services. As residential telecom and datacom
services combine, homes and small offices will be
equipped with “Service Gateways” that will function
as the platform for communication based services.

The OSGi specifications will create an open standard
for services that bridges the external and internal
networks. The OSGi specifications will page link client
devices in home or office to external service
providers. It will provide a central point from which
services can be deployed and managed. It is neutral
with respect to the service it offers. It is only
concerned with remote management of services like
installing, starting, stopping and updating without the
need to restart the gateway. Thus OSGi has a built-in
ability to integrate a wide range of different network
protocols and allow applications to control appliances
within the home without the awareness of underlying
communication protocols.

The Framework
The core component of OSGI Specifications is the
OSGi Framework. The framework provides a
standardized environment to applications (called
bundles). The Framework is divided in a number of
layers.
• LO : Execution Environment
• L1 : Modules
• L2 : Life Cycle Management
• L3 : Service Registry A ubiquitous security
system is deeply intervened with all the
Layers.
The L0 execution environment is the specification of
the java environment. Java 2 configurations and

profiles, like J2SE, CDC, CLDC, MIDP etc. are all
valid execution environments. The OSGi platform
has also standardized an execution environment
based on foundation profile and a smaller variation
that specifies the minimum requirements on an
execution environment to be useful for OSGi
bundles.

Modules
The L1 Modules layer defines the class loading
policies. The OSGi Framework is a powerful and
rigidly specified class-loading model. It is based on
top of Java but adds modularization. In java there is
normally a single class path that contains all the
classes and resources. The OSGi Modules layer adds
private classes for a module as well as controlled
linking between modules. The module layer is fully
integrated with the security architecture, enabling the
option to deploy closed systems, walled gardens, or
completely user managed systems at the discretion of
the manufacturer.

Life Cycle
The L2 Life Cycle layer adds bundles that can be
dynamically installed, started, stopped, updated and
uninstalled. Bundles rely on the module layer for
class loading but add an API to manage the modules
in run time. The lifecycle layer introduces dynamics
that are normally not part of an application. Extensive
dependency mechanisms are used to assure the
correct operation of the environment. Life cycle
operations are fully protected with the security
architecture, making it virtually impossible to be
attacked by viruses.

Service Registry
The L3 adds a Service Registry. The service registry
provides a cooperation model for bundles that takes
the dynamics into account. Bundles can cooperate via
traditional class sharing but class sharing is not very
compatible with dynamically installing and
uninstalling code. The service registry provides a
comprehensive model to share objects between
bundles. A number of events are defined to handle
the coming and going of services. Services are Java
objects that can represent anything. Many services

are server-like objects, like an HTTP server, while
other services represent an object in the real world
like the Bluetooth phone nearby. The service model
is fully security instrumented. The service security
model provides an elegant way to secure the
communication between bundles passes.
OSGi is creating an end-to-end service delivery
architecture to enable the home and small business
markets for internet and e-commerce services such as
• Security alarm and safety services.
• Energy management and metering services.
• Entertainment services.
• Health care and patient monitoring services.
• Appliance monitoring and repair services.
• Home automation and networking services.
• One point internet access.
• Power companies can deliver energy
management and load management for
homes and businesses. Utility providers like
gas, water and electric companies will have
automated meters.
• Home security system is improved.
Messages could be sent to mobile phones
with simultaneous triggering of alarms. So
police will get information. Caring for
elderly parent will be enhanced through low
cost patient monitoring devices that
continuously transmit critical care or
emergency information to hospital.

Bibliography
[1] ieee.org
[2] anotopattern.com
[3] logitech.com
[4] havi.com
[5] mhp.com
[6] ea.knowledge.com