The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It establishes the framework that defines the fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of governmental institutions and establishes fundamental rights, management principles and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world. B. R. Ambedkar, the Chairman of the Drafting Committee, is widely regarded as its chief architect.
It gives the constitutional supremacy and not the parliamentary supremacy, since it is not created by the Parliament but by a constituent assembly and adopted by its town, with a declaration in its preamble. Parliament can not overturn the constitution.
It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and entered into force on 26 January 1950. With its adoption, the Union of India became the modern and contemporary Republic of India replacing the Law of the Government of India of 1935 as the country's fundamental government document. To ensure constitutional autochthony, the authors of the constitution revoked the earlier laws of the British Parliament through article 395 of the constitution. India celebrates its entry into force on January 26 of each year, as the Day of the Republic.
He declares that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic, which guarantees its citizens justice, equality and freedom, and strives to promote brotherhood among them. Most of the Indian subcontinent was under British rule from 1857 to 1947. When the Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950, it repealed the Indian Independence Act. India ceased to be a domain of the British crown and became a sovereign democratic republic. The date of January 26 was chosen to commemorate Purna Swaraj's declaration of independence of 1930.
Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392, 393 and 394 of the Constitution entered into force on November 26, 1949 and the remaining articles January 26, 1950.
It was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was elected by the elected members of the provincial assemblies. The 389-member Constituent Assembly took almost three years (two years, eleven months and eighteen days to be precise) to complete its historic task of drafting the Constitution for independent India, during which it held eleven sessions in 165 days. Of these, 114 days were spent in consideration of the draft Constitution. On August 29, 1947, the Constituent Assembly established a Drafting Committee under the chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a draft Constitution for India. While deliberating on the draft constitution, the assembly moved, discussed and eliminated up to 2,473 amendments out of a total of 7,635 submitted. Dr. B.R. Ambhkar Pashad, Shayama Prasad Mukherjee, Nalini Ranjan Ghosh and Balwantrai Mehta were some of the important figures in the history of the Assembly. There were more than 30 members of the scheduled classes. Frank Anthony represented the Anglo-Indian community, and the Parsis were represented by H. P. Modi. The Chairman of the Minorities Committee was Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, a distinguished Christian who represented all Christians who were not Anglo-Indians. Ari Bahadur Gurung represented the Gorkha community. Prominent jurors such as Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, Benegal Narsing Rau and K. M. Munshi, Ganesh Mavlankar were also members of the Assembly. Sarojini Naidu, Hansa Mehta, Durgabai Deshmukh, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur and Vijayalakshmi Pandit were important members of the woman.
The first temporary president of 2 days of the Constituent Assembly was Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha. Later, Rajendra Prasad was elected president of the Constituent Assembly. The members of the Constituent Assembly met for the first time on December 9, 1946.