While magnetic and semi-conductor based information storage devices have been in use since the middle 1950 s, today s computers and volumes of information require increasingly more efficient and faster methods of storing data. While the speed of integrated circuit random access memory (RAM) has increased steadily over the past ten to fifteen years, the limits of these systems are rapidly approaching. In response to the rapidly changing face of computing and demand for

· physically smaller,

· greater capacity,

· bandwidth,

A number of alternative methods to integrated circuit information storage have surfaced recently. Among the most promising of the new alternatives are

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photopolymer-based devices,
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holographic optical memory storage devices, and
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protein-based optical memory storage using rhodopsin ,
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photosynthetic reaction centers, cytochrome c, photosystems I and II, phycobiliproteins, and phytochrome.

This article focuses mainly on protein-based optical memory storage using the photosensitive protein bacteriorhodopsin with the two-photon method of exciting the molecules, but briefly describes what is involved in the other two. Bacteriorhodopsin is a light-harvesting protein from bacteria that live in salt marshes that has shown some promise as a feasible optical data storage. The current work is to hybridize this biological molecule with the solid state components of a typical computer.

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More details of this topic is available in this thread:
http://studentbank.in/report-protein-memory

pls send full seminar report on this topic to pd_resh[at]yahoo.co.in

Hi, this thread contains full report of this topic:
http://studentbank.in/report-protein-memory

Dear sir/madam,
i liked the topic computer memory based on the protein bacteiorhodosphin.
kindly send me the details.

The information is present in the thread:
http://studentbank.in/report-protein-memory

you can also download a report from these external links:
http://scribddoc/23496681/computer-memory-based-on
http://scribddoc/12609876/Protein-Based-Memory-Storage2
http://scribddoc/33760569/Computing-With-Proteins

[attachment=6287]
Computer Memory Based on the Protein Bacteriorhodopsin

WRITING OF INFORMATION
Certain of the intermediates produced after Bacteriorhodopsin is initially exposed to light will change to unusual structures when they absorb energy from a second
laser beam in a process known as sequential one photon architecture. For example such a branching reaction occurs from the '0' intermediate to form 'p' and 'q'. These structures are generated by two consecutive pulses of laser light - first green light then red. Although 'p' is fairly short lived it relaxes into a form known as 'q' which is stable for extended periods even up to several years. Because of its extended stability the 'Q' state has great significance in the search for long term high-density memory.
A cube of bacteriorhodopsin is surrounded by two arrays of laser beams placed 90 degree from each other. One array of lasers all set to green and is called paging beams. It activates the photocycle of the protein. (Figure 2)
The Writing of information into cubes of bacteriorhodopsin and reading out of that information is accomplished with these laser beams. The writing process is begun by firing these green laser beams through a plane of the cube. This step begins the protein photocycle. After a few milliseconds when the number of '0'

[attachment=6688]
Protein Memory based on Bacteriorhodopsin

Dept of Optoelectronics, University of Kerala
By
Anees.P

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Index

Overview

History of Memory Devices

RAM Types

Need for Molecular Electronics

Protein Memory

Data Write, Read & Erase techniques

Practical Memory Cell

Protein memory beats conventional RAM

Applications

Present status

Bibliography


Overview

Need for more efficient and faster methods of
storing data

Speed of IC RAM approaching the limits

Demands of new face of Computing
 Physically smaller
 Greater capacity
 Greater bandwidth






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