send me this topic pdf and ppt

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is one of the branches of fluid mechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform the millions of calculations required to simulate the interaction of liquids and gases with surfaces defined by boundary conditions. Even with high-speed supercomputers only approximate solutions can be achieved in many cases. Ongoing research, however, may yield software that improves the accuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic or turbulent flows. Initial validation of such software is often performed using a wind tunnel with the final validation coming in flight tests.

The most fundamental consideration in CFD is how one treats a continuous fluid in a discretized fashion on a computer. One method is to discretize the spatial domain into small cells to form a volume mesh or grid, and then apply a suitable algorithm to solve the equations of motion (Euler equations for inviscid, and Navier–Stokes equations for viscous flow). In addition, such a mesh can be either irregular (for instance consisting of triangles in 2D, or pyramidal solids in 3D) or regular; the distinguishing characteristic of the former is that each cell must be stored separately in memory. Where shocks or discontinuities are present, high resolution schemes such as Total Variation Diminishing (TVD), Flux Corrected Transport (FCT), Essentially NonOscillatory (ENO), or MUSCL schemes are needed to avoid spurious oscillations (Gibbs phenomenon) in the solution.
If one chooses not to proceed with a mesh-based method, a number of alternatives exist, notably :
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), a Lagrangian method of solving fluid problems,
Spectral methods, a technique where the equations are projected onto basis functions like the spherical harmonics and Chebyshev polynomials,
Lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM), which simulate an equivalent mesoscopic system on a Cartesian grid, instead of solving the macroscopic system (or the real microscopic physics).
It is possible to directly solve the Navier–Stokes equations for laminar flows and for turbulent flows when all of the relevant length scales can be resolved by the grid (a Direct numerical simulation). In general however, the range of length scales appropriate to the problem is larger than even today's massively parallel computers can model. In these cases, turbulent flow simulations require the introduction of a turbulence model. Large eddy simulations (LES) and the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) formulation, with the k-ε model or the Reynolds stress model, are two techniques for dealing with these scales.
In many instances, other equations are solved simultaneously with the Navier–Stokes equations. These other equations can include those describing species concentration (mass transfer), chemical reactions, heat transfer, etc. More advanced codes allow the simulation of more complex cases involving multi-phase flows (e.g. liquid/gas, solid/gas, liquid/solid), non-Newtonian fluids (such as blood), or chemically reacting flows (such as combustion).

Reference:
http://en.wikipediawiki/Computational_fluid_dynamics

Computational Fluid Dynamics Solution
Powerful Computational Fluid Dynamics Software for Optimization of Product Development and Processes
Understanding the motion of liquids and gases is crucial in many branches of engineering. Until recently, studies of fluids in motion were confined to the laboratory.
But with the rapid growth in computer processing power, software applications now bring numerical analysis and solutions of flow problems to the desktop. In addition, the use of common interfaces and workflow processes makes fluid dynamics accessible to designers as well as analysts. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become an integral part of the engineering design and analysis environment at many companies that need to predict the performance of new designs or processes before they are manufactured or implemented. For more than 20 years, companies around the world have trusted technology to contribute to their successes. Fluid dynamics is used in industries including aerospace, automotive, chemical processing, power generation, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, biomedical, oil and gas, marine, and many others. From ventilation comfort in large buildings to the tiniest scale in micro-pumps and nanotechnology, a wide range of applications can be addressed due to the scalable nature of fluid dynamics. ANSYS has considerable
expertise in using simulation-driven design to improve performance for pumps, fans, turbines, compressors and other rotating machinery, and the company has incorporated this into all elements of ANSYS CFX software, making it a leader in this demanding field. Specialized models for combustion, reacting flows and radiation, among others, help provide the insight into equipment and processes required to increase production, improve product longevity and decrease waste.
One Environment
The ANSYS® Workbench™ environment provides a single setting for simulation from start to finish, enabling users to perform more product development tasks faster.
ANSYS Workbench delivers the basis for a full computer-aided engineering (CAE) solution from ANSYS, providing access to a wide variety of simulation technologies. All settings are persistent and are connected back to the parametric computeraided design (CAD) model, from analysis-specific modifications made to the geometry through the application of physics, solver control parameters, graphic objects created during post-processing and quantitative expressions evaluating performance.
Industry Solutions
11.0 RELEASE
ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench Delivers Fast Design Iteration
and Parametric Studies The parameter manager of the ANSYS Workbench environment enables setup of a series of simulations to study the operating range of a product or to investigate and compare
several alternative designs. The parameterized geometry and physics description, combined with the automatic calculation of performance metrics, allows the operating range of the product or process to be established quickly. The geometry, meshing, physics specification, solution and report generation sequence is run automatically over
the range and sampling frequency of the parameters defined. Designers and analysts now are able to minimize physical prototyping and deliver better, more innovative products faster than ever. Design of Experiments as well as deterministic and robust design optimization techniques now can be applied to CFD using DesignXplorer™ technology.
Geometry
ANSYS® DesignModeler™ software is a geometry tool specifically designed for the creation and modification of geometry for analysis. Using an advanced system of interfaces, ANSYS DesignModeler software gives a direct, bi-directional page link to geometry models created in a wide variety of existing CAD packages. It is an easy-to-use, fully parametric CAD tool. As the geometry portal for all ANSYS products, ANSYS DesignModeler software provides a single geometry source for a complete range of
engineering simulation tools. ANSYS DesignModeler helps to create the detailed geometry required for engineering simulation, minimizes geometry rework and simplifies interdisciplinary analyses.
Meshing
Providing accurate CFD results requires superior meshing technology. The meshing application within the ANSYS Workbench environment provides access to swept, hexdominant, tetrahedral and prism meshing technologies in a single location that can beapplied on a part-by-part basis. ANSYS® ICEM CFD™ meshing tools also are available
and include mesh editing capabilities as well as structured hexahedral meshing.
CFD Pre-Processing
The ANSYS CFX physics pre-processor is a modern, consistent and intuitive interface forthe definition of the complex physics sometimes required for CFD analysis. In addition,this tool reads one or more meshes from a variety of sources and provides the user withoptions for assigning domains.
CFD Solver
The heart of ANSYS CFX within the ANSYS Workbench interface is the coupledalgebraic multigrid solver. In brief, it achieves reliable and fast convergence by solvingthe equations well. The solver is fully scalable — achieving linear increase in CPU timewith problem size — is easy to set up in both serial and parallel run modes, and isrepresentative of true physics. The solver manager provides feedback on convergenceprogress and allows dynamic display of many criteria. When necessary, parameters can
be adjusted without stopping the solver so convergence can be accelerated. The ANSYSCFX solver runs in high accuracy mode by default, achieving accurate flow predictions robustly and reliably.


download full report
http://ohiocaeansys_presentations/ansys_11_CFD.pdf

Computational Fluid Dynamics

[attachment=17419]
What is CFD?
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the science of predicting fluid flow, heat transfer, mass transfer, chemical reactions, and related phenomena by solving the mathematical equations which govern these processes using a numerical process.
The result of CFD analyses is relevant engineering data used in:
conceptual studies of new designs
detailed product development
troubleshooting
redesign
CFD analysis complements testing and experimentation.
Reduces the total effort required in the laboratory.

CFD - How It Works

Analysis begins with a mathematical model of a physical problem.
Conservation of matter, momentum, and energy must be satisfied throughout the region of interest.
Fluid properties are modeled empirically.
Simplifying assumptions are made in order to make the problem tractable (e.g., steady-state, incompressible, inviscid, two-dimensional).
Provide appropriate initial and/or boundary conditions for the problem.

An Example: Water flow over a tube bank

Goal
compute average pressure drop, heat transfer per tube row
Assumptions
flow is two-dimensional, laminar, incompressible
flow approaching tube bank is steady with a known velocity
body forces due to gravity are negligible
flow is translationally periodic (i.e. geometry repeats itself)

Advantages of CFD
Low Cost
Using physical experiments and tests to get essential engineering data for design can be expensive.
Computational simulations are relatively inexpensive, and costs are likely to decrease as computers become more powerful.
Speed
CFD simulations can be executed in a short period of time.
Quick turnaround means engineering data can be introduced early in the design process
Ability to Simulate Real Conditions
CFD provides the ability to theoretically simulate any physical condition

Computational Fluid Dynamics

[attachment=17426]
What is CFD?



Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the science of predicting fluid flow, heat transfer, mass transfer, chemical reactions, and related phenomena by solving the mathematical equations which govern these processes using a numerical process.
The result of CFD analyses is relevant engineering data used in:
conceptual studies of new designs
detailed product development
troubleshooting
redesign
CFD analysis complements testing and experimentation.
Reduces the total effort required in the laboratory.

CFD - How It Works

Analysis begins with a mathematical model of a physical problem.
Conservation of matter, momentum, and energy must be satisfied throughout the region of interest.
Fluid properties are modeled empirically.
Simplifying assumptions are made in order to make the problem tractable (e.g., steady-state, incompressible, inviscid, two-dimensional).
Provide appropriate initial and/or boundary conditions for the problem.

Mesh Generation

Geometry created or imported into preprocessor for meshing.
Mesh is generated for the fluid region (and/or solid region for conduction).
A fine structured mesh is placed around cylinders to help resolve boundary layer flow.
Unstructured mesh is used for remaining fluid areas.
Identify interfaces to which boundary conditions will be applied.
cylindrical walls
inlet and outlets
symmetry and periodic faces