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CMOS IC technology


[b]inroduction

We are now living in a world driven by various electronic
equipments. Semiconductors form the fundamental building blocks
of the modern electronic world providing the brains and the memory
of products all around us from washing machines to super
computers. Semi conductors consist of array of transistors with each
transistor being a simple switch between electrical 0 and 1. Now
often bundled together in there 10’s of millions they form highly
complex, intelligent, reliable semiconductor chips, which are small
and cheap enough for proliferation into products all around us.
Identification of new materials has been, and still is, the
primary means in the development of next generation
semiconductors. For the past 30 years, relentless scaling of CMOS IC
technology to smaller dimensions has enabled the continual
introduction of complex microelectronics system functions. However,
this trend is not likely to continue indefinitely beyond the
semiconductor technology roadmap. As silicon technology
approaches its material limit, and as we reach the end of the
roadmap, an understanding of emerging research devices will be of
foremost importance in the identification of new materials to address
the corresponding technological requirements.