Posing a great challenge to the traditional Charge Coupled Devices (CCD) in various applications, CMOS image sensors have improvised themselves with time, finding solutions for the problems related with the noise and sensitivity. The use of Active Pixel Sensors having its foundation with the sub-micron technologies have helped to attain low power, low voltage and monolithic integration allowing. The manufacture of miniaturised single-chip digital cameras is an example of this technology.

The incorporation of advanced techniques at the chip or pixel level has opened new dimensions for the technology. Now after a decade, the initial tussle over the advocacy regarding the emergence of complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology over the charge-coupled device (CCD) have slowly dropped showing the strengths and weakness of the technologies.