case study of reuse of plastic waste in road construction
#1
Rainbow 

i want about 4 to 5 case studies about Utilization of waste plastics for road construction. Thank you
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#2

Abstract

Now-a-days Plastic is everywhere in today’s lifestyle. The disposal of plastic wastes is a great problem. These are non-biodegradable product due to which these materials pose environmental pollution and problems like breast cancer, reproductive problems in humans and animals, genital abnormalities and even a decline in human sperm count and quality. In recent years, applications of plastic wastes have been considered in road construction with great interest in many developing countries. The use of these materials in road making is based on technical, economic, and ecological criteria. Several million metric tons plastic wastes are produced in India every year. If these materials can be suitably utilized in highway road construction, the pollution and disposal problems may be partly reduced. Keeping in mind the need for bulk use of these wastes in India, it was thought expedient to test these materials and to develop specifications to enhance the use of plastic wastes in road making, in which higher economic returns may be possible. The possible use of these materials should be developed for construction of low-volume roads in different parts of our country. A review of various plastic wastes for use in the construction of roads has been discussed in this paper.

Introduction

Plastic is everywhere in today’s lifestyle. It is used for packaging, protecting, serving, and even disposing of all kinds of consumer goods. With the industrial revolution, mass production of goods started and plastic seemed to be a cheaper and effective raw material. Today, every vital sector of the economy starting from agriculture to packaging, automobile, building construction, communication or InfoTech has been virtually revolutionized by the applications of plastics. Use of this non-biodegradable (according to recent studies, plastics can stay unchanged for as long as 4500 years on earth) product is growing rapidly and the problem is what to do with plastic-waste. Studies have linked the improper disposal of plastic to problems as distant as breast cancer, reproductive problems in humans and animals, genital abnormalities and even a decline in human sperm count and quality. If a ban is put on the use of plastics on emotional grounds, the real cost would be much higher, the inconvenience much more, the chances of damage or contamination much greater. The risks to the family health and safety would increase and, above all the environmental burden would be manifold. Hence the question is not ‘plastics Vs no plastics’ but it is more concerned with the judicious use and re-use of plastic-waste.

In recent years, applications of plastic wastes have been considered in road construction with great interest in many developing countries. The use of these materials in road making is based on technical, economic, and ecological criteria. The lack of traditional road materials and the protection of the environment make it imperative to investigate the possible use of these materials carefully India has a large network of metro cities located in different parts of the country and many more are planned for the near future. Several million metric tons plastic wastes are produced every year in India.

Traditionally soil, stone aggregates, sand, bitumen cement etc. are used for road construction. Natural materials being exhaustible in nature, its quantity is declining gradually. Also, cost of extracting good quality of natural material is increasing. Concerned about this, the scientists are looking for alternative materials for highway construction, and plastic wastes product is one such category. If these materials can be suitably utilized in highway construction, the pollution and disposal problems may be partly reduced. In the absence of other outlets, these solid wastes have occupied several acres of land around plants throughout the country. Keeping in mind the need for bulk use of these solid wastes in India, it was thought expedient to test these materials and to develop specifications to enhance the use of these plastic wastes in road making, in which higher economic returns may be possible. The possible use of these materials should be developed for construction of low-volume roads in different parts of our country. The necessary specifications should be formulated and attempts are to be made to maximize the use of solid wastes in different layers of the road pavement

On heating at 100 - 160°C, plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene, soften and exhibit good binding properties. Blending of the softened plastic with bitumen results in a mixed that is amenable for road laying. The mixed has been used to lay roads of length up to 1,500 km in the state of Maharashtra. Other states like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Pondicherry, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh have also laid test roads. These roads have withstood loads due to heavy traffic, rain and temperature variation

Preparation of Polymer-Aggregate-Bitumen Mix

Cleaned and dried plastic wastes (e.g.: disposed carry bags, films, cups and thermocole) with a maximum thickness of 60 microns is shredded into small pieces (2.36 mm - 4.75 mm size). PVC is not suitable for this process.
Aggregate is heated to 165°C in a mini hot mix plant
Shredded plastic is added to the hot mix. The plastic gets softened and coated over the surface of the aggregate giving an oily look in 30 - 60 sec.
Hot Bitumen (heated up to a maximum of 160°C to ensure good binding) is added immediately and the contents are mixed well.
The mix, when cooled to 110 - 120°C can be used for road laying using 8 ton capacity road roller. As the plastics are heated to a maximum temperature of 165°C, there is no evolution of any gas. When heated above 270°C, the plastics get decomposed and above 750°C they get burnt to produce noxious gases.
Enhanced Properties of the Mix

Coating of plastic over aggregate to the tune of 10 - 15% by weight of bitumen improves the binding properties of the mix:

Higher softening point and lower penetration point due to interlinking of polymer molecule with bitumen.
Lesser moisture absorptive capacity due to coating of plastics at the surface.
Better ductility, higher Marshall Stability value.
Better stripping value (No stripping on soaking in water for 72 hrs)
High compressive strength (>100mpa) and high flexural strength (>450 Kg/cm with respect to the binding property)
The roads are twice as strong as normal roads and resistant towards water stagnation and lesser bleeding during
Polymer blended Bitumen shows higher Softening point, lower penetration point, and better ductility. Polymer coated aggregate blended with Bitumen shows higher Marshall value and better stripping value showing that the mix is more suited for road laying.
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