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Semester: 8 Code: ET20811
Subject: Optical Fiber Communication
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10
UNIT I
Basic Optical Laws and definition: Numerical Aperture; Optical Fiber Modes and propagation; Single
Mode and Multi-Mode Fibers; Step Index and Graded Index Fibers Structures; Different types of
attenuations in optical fiber communication; Fiber Optic Cable; Fabrication.
UNIT II
Light sources: Light Emitting diodes and types of LEDS; LASER principles; Laser diode and types of
Laser diodess; Operating characteristics and Modulation circuits of LED and LASER diodes.
UNIT III
Optical Couplers and connectors: Connector principles; fiber end preparation; splices; connectors;
source coupling; Distribution system; Distribution networks; Directional couplers; Star couplers;
Switches.
UNIT IV
Light Detectors: Principle of photo-detection; semiconductor photodiode; PIN photodiode; Avalanche
photodiode; Noise and Detection; Thermal noise and Shot noise; signal to noise ratio.
UNIT V
Optical Measurement & Networks: Numerical Aperture; Attenuation and Dispersion measurement;
Optical networks: Introduction to SONET/SDH; SONET/SDH Networks; formats and interface.
Names of Text Books:
1. Optical Fiber Communication, Keiser, TMH
2. Fiber Optic Communications, Palais, 4th Ed., Pearson Education
Names of Reference Books:
1. Opto Electronics and Fiber Optic Communication, Sarkar & Sarkar, New Age International Publishers.
2. Text Book on Optical Fiber Communication and its Applications, Gupta, PHI
3. Fundamentals of Optical Fiber Communication, Satish Kumar, PHI
4. Semiconductors Optoelectronic Devices, Bhattacharya, Pearson Education
5. Optical Fiber Communication-Principles and Practice, John Senior, PHI
8-3
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
Semester: 8 Code: ET20812
Subject: Communication Systems
Credits: 5
Total Theory Periods: 40 Total Tutorial Periods: 10
UNIT I
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems: Narrow band multiple antenna model, Parallel
decomposition of MIMO channels, Capacity of MIMO channels, Space-time codes for MIMO wireless
communication, Alamouti code, Diversity-on-receive and diversity-on-transmit schemes, Generalized
complex orthogonal space-time block codes, Differential space-time block codes, Trellis coded
modulation, TCM encoding and decoding.
UNIT II
Study of a software defined radio system: Wireless Research Open Access Platform (WARP) or Lyrtech
or any other popular SDR, hardware architectures, design flow, study of a reference design, e.g. OFDM
wired-wireless bridge, OFDM CSMA page link etc.
UNIT III
Quantum computing and communication: Quantum computing basics, Entanglement, measurements,
Grover algorithm, Introduction to quantum information theory and quantum cryptography.
UNIT IV
An overview of satellite communication, Satellite orbits, Kepler’s law, Orbital Elements, Eclipse effect,
Sun transit outage, Placement of a satellite in a geostationary orbit, Station keeping and Stabilization.
UNIT V
Communication Satellite Subsystems: Space Platform (Bus) and Communication, Subsystem (Payload),
Satellite Antennas, Frequency reuse Antennas. Earth Stations: Earth station antennas, Tracking,
Equipment for earth stations, Equipment Reliability and Space qualification.
Text Books:
1. MIMO Wireless Communication, Oestges, Clerckx, Academic Press.
2. Space Time Coding, Vucetic, Yuan, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
3. Warp.rice.edu
4. Quantum Computing and Communication, A Imre, F Balazas, John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
5. Satellite Communication, T Pratt, C W Bostian, John Wiley & Sons.
8-4
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
Semester: 8 Code: ET20821
Subject: OFC Lab
Credits: 3
Total Practical Periods: 3
Lab assignments given in ET20811 Optical Fiber Communication.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
Semester: 8 Code: ET20822
Subject: Communication Systems Laboratory
Credits: 3
Lab assignments given in ET20812 Communication systems.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
Semester: 8 Code: ET20823
Subject: Major Project
Credits: 16
1. The students are expected to take up a Project under the guidance of a faculty from the Institute.
2. The topic of the project should be justified for the degree of B.Tech (Electronics &
Telecommunication). The project may be a continuation of Minor project.
3. Students should submit synopsis of project within one month of offering of projects by faculty to
the Student Projects Coordinator nominated by HoD. Synopsis should clearly state the amount of
work already done in Minor project and the work to be done in Major project.
4. The students may be asked to work individually or in a group having not more than three students.
5. The quanta of work should justify a semester of work and live up to the standards of an NIT.
6. The students are expected to submit the report in standard format approved by the department in
partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of B.Tech (Electronics & Telecommunication).
7. There will be a presentation cum viva-voce at the end of the semester and the students are to
demonstrate the project at the time of viva-voce. The students will be evaluated for ESE in Major
project by a team of faculty nominated by the Head of Department.
8-5
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
Semester: 8 Code: ET20831
Subject: Broadband Access Technology
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10
UNIT I
Introduction to Broadband Networking: Services and Technology: Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL,
HDSL, RADSL, And VDSL), Access network architecture (DSLAM, ATM), Modulation technologies
(DMT) X.25, Frame relay ,X.25 v/s Frame relaying, Frame mode protocol architecture, Frame relay and
Frame switching, Frame mode call control , Call control protocol, DLCI, Bearer capability, Link layer
core parameters, LAPF.
UNIT II
ISDN – Integration of Transmission and Switching, Analog and Digital switching, Principles of ISDN,
User interface, Architecture, ISDN standards, I-series recommendations. ISDN: interface and Functions
– Transmission structure, User network interface, ISDN protocol architecture, ISDN connections,
Addressing, Interworking, B-ISDN architecture and standards.
B-ISDN Services – Conversational, Messaging, Retrieval, Distribution, Business and Residential
requirements. B-ISDN protocols – User plane, Control plane, Physical layer, Line coding, Transmission
structure, SONET- Requirement, Signal Hierarchy, System Hierarchy.
UNIT III
ATM – Overview, Virtual channels, Virtual paths, VP and VC switching, ATM cells, Header format,
Generic flow control, Header error control, Transmission of ATM cells, Adaptation layer, AAL services
and protocols. ATM switching – ATM switching building blocks, ATM cell processing in a switch,
Matrix type switch, Input, Output buffering, Central buffering, Performance aspects of buffering
switching networks.
UNIT IV
Cable Modem Service: Head end and regional network architecture (Cable Modem Termination System –
CMTS, Hybrid Fibre Coax networks – HFC), Cable Labs initiatives (DOCSIS. Packet Cable, Cable
Home) Optical Fibre-based Networks: Passive Optical Network (PON) architecture (Optical line
termination, optical network terminals), Standards (BPON, GPON, EPON) Fixed and Mobile WiMAX:
Architecture, Standards (IEEE 802.15, 802.16), Services
UNIT V
IP QoS Control Mechanisms, Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), Differentiated Services (Diff Serv),
Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), IP Multicast (IMS) Services Enabled by Broadband: VoIP:
Network Architecture, Protocol Architecture for VoIP SIP: Network and Services Convergence, Network
and Services Management, Unified Communications Services, SIMPLE Presence Architecture, H.323,
SGCP, MGCP, IPDC
Text Books:
1. ISDN and Broadband ISDN with Frame Relay and ATM, William Stallings, Prentice-Hall,4th
edition
2. Broadband Communications, Balaji kumar, Mac-Graw Hill
3. ATM Networks, O Kyas & G. Grawford, Prentice Hall PTR, 2002.
4. Multi Wavelength Optical Network, Stern T & K. Bala, Pearson Education, 1999.
8-6
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
Semester: 8 Code: ET20832
Subject: Artificial Intelligence
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10
UNIT I
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Simulation of sophisticated & Intelligent Behavior in different area,
problem solving in games, natural language, automated reasoning visual perception, heuristic algorithm
versus solution guaranteed algorithms.
UNIT II
Understanding Natural Languages, Parsing techniques, context free and transformational grammars,
transition nets, augmented transition nets, Fillmore’s grammars, Shanks Conceptual Dependency,
grammar free analyzers, sentence generation, and translation.
UNIT III
Knowledge Representation, First order predicate calculus, Horn Clauses, Introduction to PROLOG,
Semantic Nets, Partitioned Nets, Minskey frames, Case Grammar Theory, Production Rules Knowledge
Base, The Inference System, Forward & Backward Deduction.
UNIT IV
Expert System, Existing Systems (DENDRAL, MYCIN), domain exploration, Meta Knowledge,
Expertise Transfer, Self Explaining System.
UNIT V
Pattern Recognition, Introduction to pattern Recognition, Structured Description, Symbolic Description,
Machine perception, Line Finding, Interception, Semantic, & Model, Object Identification, Speech
Recognition. Programming Language: Introduction to programming Language, LISP, PROLOG
Text Books:
1. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Charnick, Addision Wesley
2. LISP, Winston, Addison, Wesley
3. Expert Systems Programming, Marcellous, PHI
Reference Books:
1. Artificial Intelligence, Elamie, Academic Press
2. Foundation of Logic Programming, Lioyed, Springer Verlag
8-7
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
Semester: 8 Code: ET20833
Subject: Multimedia Communication
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10
UNIT I
FUNDAMENTALS OF IMAGE AND VIDEO: Image data types, Popular image file formats, Basics of
colour science in image and video, Colour models in images, Colour models in video, Types of video
signals, Analog video, Digital video.
UNIT II
COMPRESSION ALGORITHM AND STANDARDS: Distortion measures, Quantization, discrete
cosine transform based lossy compression, main steps in JPEG standard, JPEG modes, JPEG bit stream,
main steps of JPEG 2000 image compression. Introduction to video compression, Video compression
based on motion vectors, Search for motion vectors, H.261, H.263.
UNIT III
MPEG VIDEO AND AUDIO CODING: MPEG-1, motion compensation in MPEG-1, major differences
form H.261, MPEG-2, Supporting interlaced video, scalabilities, major difference form MPEG-1,
Introduction to MPEG-4, Qualitative idea of methods in MPEG-4. MIDI standard, Psychoacoustics,
MPEG audio, Other commercial audio codec’s.
UNIT IV
MULTIMEDIA NETWORK COMMUNICATION: Quality of service, QoS for IP protocols, prioritized
delivery, Multimedia over IP, Multimedia over ATM networks, Transport of MPEG-4, Media on demand.
UNIT V
STREAMING VIDEO OVER INTERNET AND WIRELESS IP NETWORK: Architecture for video
streaming systems, Application layer QoS for streaming video, Continuous media distribution services,
Streaming servers, Media synchronization, Protocols for streaming video, Streaming video over wireless
IP networks.
Text Books:
1. Fundamentals of Multimedia, Ze-Nian Li, Mark S Drew, PHI Learning, Delhi 2008.
2. Video Processing and Communication, Yao Wang, Jorn Ostermann, Qua-Qin Zhang, Prentice
Hall, USA.
Reference Books:
1. Multimedia: Computing, Communication & Applications, Ralt Steinmetz and Klara Nahrstedt,
Pearson Education India, 2004.
8-8
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
Semester: 8 Code: ET20834
Subject: Spread Spectrum Systems
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10
UNIT I
Introduction to Cellular Mobile Radio Communication: FDMA, TDMA, DSSS, FHSS, Pulse position
hopped CDMA. Modulation Formats for SS Communication, Correlation and Spectral Properties of
Modulated Signals, Generation of DS SS Signals, Frequency-Hopped SS Signals, Pulse Position-Hopped
SS Signals, Orthogonal and Quasi-Orthogonal Expansions of SS Signals.
UNIT II
Reception of Spread Spectrum Signals in AWGN: Neyman–Pearson Hypothesis Testing Concept,
Coherent Reception of DS CDMA Signals (Uplink Transmission), Coherent Reception of DS CDMA
Signals (Downlink Transmission), Reception of DS DPSK SS Signals, Reception of FH SS Signals,
Reception of PPH SS Signals.
UNIT III
Pseudorandom Signal Generation: Pseudorandom Sequences and Signals, Finite-Field Arithmetic,
Maximum-Length Linear Shift Registers, Randomness Properties of Maximal-Length Sequences,
Generating Pseudorandom Signals (Pseudonoise) from Pseudorandom Sequences, Other Sets of
Spreading Sequences.
UNIT IV
Synchronization of Pseudorandom Signals: Hypothesis Testing in the Acquisition Process, Performance
of the Hypothesis Testing Device, The Acquisition Procedure, Modifications of the Acquisition
Procedure, Time Tracking of SS Signals, Coherent Reception of Uplink Transmitted Signals in the
DSCDMA System.
UNIT V
CDMA Cellular Networks: General Aspects of CDMA Cellular Networks, Other-Cell Relative
Interference Factors, Handoff Strategies, Power Control, Erlang Capacity of CDMA System, Interference
Cancellation in the Reverse Link of the DS CDMA System, User Coordination in the Forward Link of the
DS CDMA System, Third-Generation Wireless Cellular Networks.
Text Books:
1. Theory of code division multiple access communication, Kamil Sh Zigangirov, Wiley Inter
Science.
8-9
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
Semester: 8 Code: ET20835
Subject: Speech Processing and Coding
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10
UNIT I
SPEECH: PRODUCTION, PERCEPTION AND ACOUSTIC-PHONETIC CHARACTERIZATION:
Introduction, Speech production process, Time and frequency domain representation of speech, Speech
sounds and features, The vowels, Diphthongs, Semivowels, Nasal Consonants, Unvoiced Fricatives,
Voiced Fricatives, Voiced & Unvoiced Stops, Acoustic-Phonetic Approach to Speech Recognition,
Statistical Pattern-Recognition Approach to Speech Recognition, AI Approaches to Speech Recognition,
Neural Networks and their Application to Speech Recognition.
UNIT II
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF SPEECH: Short time Fourier analysis, filter bank design, speech coding,
subband coding of speech, transform coding, channel vocoder, formant vocoder, cepstral vocoder, vector
quantizer coder.
UNIT III
SPEECH SYNTHESIS: Pitch extraction algorithms, Gold Rabiner pitch trackers, autocorrelation pitch
trackers, voice/unvoiced detection, homomorphic speech processing, homomorphic systems for
convolution, complex cepstrums, pitch extraction using homomorphic speech processing
UNIT IV
AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEMS: Isolated word recognition, connected word
recognition, large vocabulary word recognition systems, pattern classification, DTW, HMM, speaker
recognition systems, speaker verification systems, speaker identification systems.
UNIT V
HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS: Discrete-Time Markov Processes, Extensions to HMMs, Coin-toss
Models, The Urnand-Ball Model, Elements of an HMM, HMM generator of observations. Three Basic
problems for HMMs and their solutions, Probability Evaluation, ‘Optimal’ State sequence, Parameter
estimation, Re-estimation procedure. HMM types, continuous observation densities in HMMs,
Autoregressive HMMs, Variants on HMM structures, Inclusion of Explicit State Duration Density in
HMMs, Optimization Criterion – ML, MMI and MDI, Comparisons of HMMs.
Text Books:
1. “Fundamentals of Speech Recognition”, Rabiner L. and Juang B., Pearson Education
2. ‘‘Signal Processing of Speech’’, Owens F.J., Macmillan New Electronics
Reference Books:
1. “Speech and Language Processing”, Jurafsky, Pearson Education
2. “Discrete Time Speech Signal processing: Principles and Practice”, Quatieri, Pearson Education
3. “Fundamentals of Speech Signal Processing”, Saito S. & Nakata K., Academic Press
4. “Voice and Speech Processing”, Thomas Parsons, McGraw Hill Series.