Abstract

Car Shading Device is one of the good solutions to reduce the high rise in temperature inside cars. Due to Kuwait’s high temperature in summer, this will be a perfect solution for cars parking in open areas. The project is to manufacture an inexpensive automatic Car Shading Device that is fixed above the car roof and able to cover all the car windows with sliding sheets. It is designed and manufactured with good quality, that is efficient and environmental friendly using engineering simulation tools such as AUTOCAD, CH and ANSYS.
The Device consists of four slider crank mechanisms with different sizes and strong material to overcome the high stresses. Slider bearings are also used to allow the covering sheets to slide smoothly. Typically the linkages are connected to a motor with a high torque that is provided from a chargeable battery to start the mechanism where all the components of the device are designed based on codes and standards.

Chapter 1:Introduction

1-1: Introduction


In summer, Kuwait is to be considered one of the hottest countries around the world which results for the people to suffer and for the engineers to consider this issue by setting all the priority needed to come up with the best possible solution for this problem. The purpose is to block the huge amounts of heat that is emitted from the sun either direct, diffused and reflected radiations. The unaffordable solar heat results in increase the temperature of the car components, some of them are major such as the steering wheel that may cause an accident. Provide a cool environment is a requirement for the human thermal comfort to achieve suitable driving. Beside that, the device reduces the time required for the space inside the car to reach a satisfactory temperature while activating air-conditioning system.

Figure 1: The sun energy passes through the glazed fenestrations of the car

Redefining the goals of the project is to have a desired shade for sedan vehicles without ruining the outlook. Although, this design has to minimize the heat transfer through the glazed fenestration of the car, besides that the shading device must fit the car in acceptable manner. Choosing the strategy of the car shading device was really needed a lot of brainstorming sessions, like how to fit and hide the device on the vehicles, and if it is worthy to attach it in place better than the other, all of these questions were discussed.

The group set a Gantt chart for the design to be more professional and to organize the project phases. A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project. Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the work breakdown structure of the project. Some Gantt charts also show the dependency relationships between activities.

Once a design strategy has been identified, its time to make the initial attempt at the design. This step typically involves rough approximations and estimates. If the product is to be a physical entity, tentative choices are made for dimensions, weight, user controls, construction materials, part numbers, and component values. If the design involves a system for example, a manufacturing procedure, then the overall flowchart might be specified at this time. The step of modeling and analyzing goes with making the first design cut. In some design situations, it could even precede the latter step. In the modeling phase of the cycle, a combination of mathematics and software modeling tools is used to lead the design parameters to shorten the path to the finished product. Modeling and analysis is usually much less expensive than building an actual prototype for testing. During the modeling the modeling phase of design, commercially available computer simulation tools such, ANSYS and AutoCAD, can save time and expense by allowing the designer to predict performance before the actual construction of the prototype. These software packages can help identify hidden flaws before the product is built and provide some indication as to the success of the design approach.

Some researches have been referred such as the research of the thermal comfort analysis inside a car. The research is a study of the temperature inside and outside the car for different cases. The cases are shading front, rear, side windows or all windows and study the temperature changes for each case using an efficient instrument. The research is related to our project where the project objective is to shade the parked car and decrease the inside car temperature. The research is a good reference for this project where we can use the same principles that used in the research to our analysis. Also, we can use the same instruments to test our project.

The weather in Kuwait is described, in general, as of hot desert type. During the summer months the ambient temperature may exceed 50 °C and the temperature inside a car reach as high as 75 °C when parked in the sun as a result of the greenhouse effect due to solar radiation. As a result, people are seriously concerned about how to keep their cars as cool as possible, especially when parked in the sun. In most cases, shaded parking is not available therefore the majority of people are compelled to park their cars in the sun. In an effort to reduce the temperature inside the cars, people use different types of internal coverings. Some use front windshield cover, others use front windshield and side windows covers, and still others use covers on both windshields and all side windows. Results have demonstrated that such techniques can be very effective even without any internal coverings while the car is parked in the sun.

The main goal of considering the thermal background is to select a material type of the car shading device based on heat transfer and air conditioning analysis. The objective is to select a material that minimizes the amount of heat transfer through the car glazed fenestration. The car involves some different sources of heat transfer. The first form of heat transfer is by conduction, and that is associated by the heat flow through the single glazed windows. The second form is the solar radiation heat transfer, and this thermal energy falls on a surface is subject to absorption and reflection as well as transmission through transparent bodies. The last form is the heat transfer by convection, and that type has small effect on the glazed bodies which can be neglected. The three types of heat transfer that effects on the car glazed windows can be associated by the following formula


The incident radiation that strikes the surface will either be reflected off the object, be absorbed by it or it could be transmitted through because the energy manifested by electromagnetic waves can behave both like a particle and like a wave. The incident radiation on a glazed fenestration and the fractions of the transmitted, emitted, and reflected energies can be shown in Figure 2.

Chapter 2:

1. Possible Solutions
2. Design Discretion

2-1: Possible Solutions


a) Auto Car Sunshade.
Advantages:
The device is easy to use, automatic, fast operation, safe, light with reasonable cost.
Disadvantages:
Only used for back windows.

Figure 3: Auto Car Sun Shade










b) Automatic Automobile Sunshade
Advantages:
An automatic device that is very easy to use, safe, and fast in working.
Disadvantages
Heavy weight and ugly look on the car.



Figure 4: Automatic automobile sunshade.










c) Car poptop.
Advantages:
The shade is very easy to use, inexpensive (cheap cost), and medium weight.
Disadvantages:
This design is very slow while use it, since it is manually.


Figure 5: car shade sequence.









d) Car Cover Roller.
Advantages:
Easy to pack the cover back, safe, heavy, and hidden inside the car trunk.
Disadvantages:
Only automatic when packing the cover, manual when covering.

Figure 6: Car Cover Roller.


e) Car Umbrella.
Advantages:
Easy to use working as normal umbrella covers most heated areas.
Disadvantages:
Manual, Slow, Ugly shape when used on cars.

Figure 7: Car Umbrella.


f) Cover.
Advantages:
Normal cover that is easy to use covering the entire car with cheap cost
Disadvantages:
Very slow and manual use when covering and packing.


g) Eclipse Sun Shade.
Advantages:
Very effective on the front window used inside the car, safe, low cost
Disadvantages:
Only used for front window, manual

Figure 8: Eclipse Sun Shade.



h) Roll up Car Cover.
Advantages:
Hidden cover inside a roller, medium costing covers most areas
Disadvantages:
Manual, slow to use since it's requires rolling up the roller.


Figure 9: Roll up Car Cover


i) Sun shades.
Advantages:
Easy to place and remove on the cars with different looks and shapes
Disadvantages:
Do not cover all the heated area.

Figure 10: removable car shade.



j) Hidden Car shading device.
Advantages:
The Device is hidden inside the car trunk, and works using remote control.
Disadvantages:
Limited shading areas and needs to change the battery, and more complicated using roller without track.

Figure 11: Two pieces of shading material will come out from each side to cover the car and close the trunk.
k) Side umbrella device.
Advantages:
Device used under the doors of the cars.
Disadvantages:
Very complex design.


Figure 12: The umbrella is appears from both sides (right and left).



l) Hydraulic.
Advantages:
Motor is placed inside the car trunk.
Disadvantages:
The idea requires manufacturing of the car and two hydraulic systems, and need more than three months to design it. The idea is costly.


Figure 13: Use the trunk key to open the trunk and carry the luggage.
or to start the shade.

m) U-Shape.
Advantages:
Placed under the car and very easy to use, simple design
Disadvantages:
Semi manual, and very hard to fit it below most cars.


Figure 14: Schematic of the U-shape umbrella.

n) Double Roof



Advantages:
Placed in a hidden way above the car with beautiful shape when operated automatically, low costing with simple design, safe, ethical and easy to use, requires no maintenance, very fast operation and covers all the heated areas.

Disadvantages:
It had a little difficulty to fit it in the size of the windows.
[attachment=13985]