07-02-2010, 07:15 PM
Building Management System (BMS)
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INTRODUCTION
All Buildings have some form of mechanical and electrical services in order to
provide the facilities necessary for maintaining a comfortable working environment.
These services have to be controlled by some means to ensure comfort conditions.
Basic controls take the form of manual switching, time clocks or temperature
switches. Here if Building Management System (BMS), is introduced, we are able to get
a comfortable working environment in an efficient way.
What is BMS ?
central controlling facility
automate and take control of various operations
manage all the systems
coordinate the various systems
provide a comfortable working environment in an efficient way.
Its purpose is to control, monitor and optimize building services
e.g., lighting; heating & cooling; security ; audio-visual and entertainment systems;
ventilation and climate control; time & attendance control and reporting
BMS AND ENERGY SAVINGS
With the usage of various building automation techniques the energy efficiency is
possible
With the help of occupancy sensors provided in various areas of the building, the
service plants can be brought into operation only when needed and also to the
optimum, thereby leading to huge energy savings
BMS AND BENEFITS
General
BMS improves quality of built environment, efficiency of workstations, while
allowing great savings in energy consumption
Security and Life safety systems
With the introduction of the various security and life safety systems like
Smart Access control, Smoke detector, Fire alarm and Fire sprinkler, the environment
can be made much easy and fear free to work with
Mechanical systems
*Provide an acceptable level of temperature and humidity and safe guard
against odours and indoor air pollutants.
*Create a sense of habitability through air movement, ventilation and slight
temperature variation.
*Allow the occupant to control and modify conditions to suit individual
preferences.
INTELLIGENT SAFETY SYSTEMS
Life safety factors involved in Intelligent Buildings are:
Closed-circuit television
Card access control
Smoke detection
Emergency control of elevator, doors ,HVAC system
UPS
ËœData accessâ„¢ security
CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISIONS AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS
Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is the use of video cameras to transmit a
signal to a specific, limited set of monitors. It differs from broadcast television
in that the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point wireless
links. CCTV is often used for surveillance in areas, which need security, such as
banks, casinos, airports etc¦. Modern CCTV cameras use small high definition color
cameras that can not only focus to resolve minute detail, but by linking the control
of the cameras to a computer, objects can be tracked automatically
ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
Controlling access to any premise is of vital importance at present, whether it is
a high security area such as a Hospital, Airport, Bank, or any common building such
as an Insurance Office, School, or Department store.
There are
ortrait ID System,Swipe Card Access Control Systems, Biometric Access Control Systems
SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEM
Smoke is often the first sign that the fire is occurring, therefore an
automatic detection system based on smoke detectors is a valuable tool in the early
dection of fire. Smoke detectors are commonly classified by their mode of operation.
Ionization Smoke Detector:
Ionization smoke detector uses a
a radioaCTive material to convert the air contained.
INTELLIGENT COMFORT SYSTEMS
It is difficult to get an optimum working environment only through
design for the whole year. Mechanical fans, desert coolers, air-conditioners etc.
supplement the indoor comfort to a great extent. But all these are operated and
controlled manually in general. At the same time some artificial intelligent systems
like Occupancy Sensors, Temperature Sensors etc. can be used to sense the temperature
increase and the presence of occupants to decide comfort level required to achieve
the optimum conditions.
PASSIVE INFRARED OCCUPANCY SENSORS (PIR):
Passive Infrared Occupancy Sensor turns lights on and off based on the occupancy.
When the PIR sensor detects a change in the infrared heat radiated within the
controlled area, lighting systems are switched ON. When occupants leave the area,
lighting is switched OFF after the user adjustable time delay elapses.
BMS AND ILLUMINATION SYSTEM
Lighting up the building is an art. With out proper illuminaton the entire
space will look dull, creating an uncomfortable working space. Any how we cannot
depend on artificial lights alone. It will add up the running costs. Hence some
methods to bring natural light inside the habitable space shall be sort out.
LIGHTING CONTROL
With the help of a light dimming device its possible to control the intensity
of lights especially when its requirement becomes less. . This can be made possible
by suitably integrating the lighting systems with the BMS through sensors by which it
is also possible to turn off the lights automatically when its not needed. Hence
there is the economy in using the building.
Different control systems exist, again time-based control and optimizer
parameter-based where a level of illuminance or particular use of lighting is
required.
Zones: lights are switched on corresponding to the use and layout of the lit areas,
in order to avoid lighting a large area if only a small part of it needs light.
Time control: to switch on and off automatically in each zone to a preset schedule
for light use.
Passive Infra-Red (PIR) Occupancy sensing: In areas which are occupied
intermittently, occupancy sensors can be used to indicate whether anybody is present
or not, and switch the light on or off accordingly.
Light level monitoring: this consists of switching or dimming artificial lighting to
maintain task-specific light level measured by a Ëœphotocellâ„¢.
CONCLUSION
In this 21st century with the advent of the various artificial intelligent
systems the work places became very cozy to work with. It has changed the entire
working environment leading to the increased out put and also reducing the running
cost to a certain extent. As it gives optimum thermal & lighting efficiency it will
cut down the electricity bills. But any how today the cost of such equipments to make
a building artificially intelligent is a costly means. With the increase in demand of
such systems the cost of these will become affordable as more and more builders will
be using such systems in future.
