09-03-2011, 09:23 AM
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Brain Computer Interface
What is BCI?
Brain -Computer Interface
-Direct Neural Interface or Brain-Machine Interface
Direct communication pathway between a brain and an external device.
Research on BCIs began in the 1970s at the University of California Los Angeles
How does it work?
Signal Acquisition
Signal Processing
Devices
Brain Wave Control
Active
◦ α (8 – 12 Hz): relaxed/reflecting
◦ β (12 – 30 Hz): alert/working
- Training
- Misjudgment
Passive
◦ Evoked potentials
Passive
◦ Evoked potentials
Passive
◦ Evoked potentials
Simple introduction of the brain
Focus on cortex
Structure of the cortex
Cortex
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Primary Motor Cortex
Motor Association Cortex
Sensory Association Area
Visual Association Area
Visual Cortex
Wernicke's Area
Prefrontal Cortex
Speech Center (Broca‘s Area)
Auditory Cortex
Auditory Association Area
Data Acquisition
Invasive BCIs
Non-Invasive BCIs
Partially-Invasive BCIs
Wireless BCIs
Invasive BCIs
Implanted: grey matter
Signals: highest quality
Scar-tissue build-up
Target:
◦ repairing damaged sight
◦ providing new functionality to persons with paralysis
Artificial Vision System
Electrode Arrays
App.- Artificial Vision
Non-Invasive BCIs
poor signal resolution
power muscle implants and restore partial movement
Interfaces
◦ EEG
◦ MEG
◦ MRI
MEG
Magnetoencephalography
Magnetic Field: 10-15T ~10-13T (Weak!!)
◦ S.Q.U.I.D. Sensors
◦ Shielded Room
Magnetic Field
Partially-Invasive BCIs
Implanted: skull
lower risk of forming scar-tissue in the brain
Signal quality between invasive BCIs & non-invasive BCIs
Wireless BCIs
More practical
Embedding multiple chips
◦ More complicated thoughts
Transmission with RF
key requirement: keep the heat down
Examples of BCI
Rats implanted with BCIs in Theodore Berger’s experiments
Monkey operating a robotic arm with BCIs
arrangments
Disadvantages
Headache
Exhausting
Laziness Degenerate
Future
Integrate with different territory
From lab to factory
Nursing and medical treatment
