BLUETOOTH full report
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presented by:
NIKITA BHANDARI

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BLUETOOTH
Bluetooth wireless technology eliminates many of the wires that clutter our offices, homes, etc., while allowing our electronic devices of today and tomorrow to communicate with one another.
You Hear About it Everywhere:
Technology has been around for years, however for many people it is just another “tech” term.
Most people have little or no understanding of the technology and have very little knowledge of its applications. However, you hear and read about it everywhere--in ads for computers, Cell Phones, PDAs and all types of different devices enabled with Bluetooth technology. So, what is Bluetooth technology?
What is Bluetooth technology? Put simply, Bluetooth technology is a short-range wireless radio technology that allows electronic devices to connect to one another. Generally, Bluetooth has a range of up to 30 ft. or greater, depending on the Bluetooth Core Specification Version. Newer devices, using newer versions of Bluetooth, have ranges over 100 ft.
Bluetooth wireless technology makes connections just like cables connect a computer to a keyboard, mouse, or printer, or how a wire connects an MP3 player to headphones.
Bluetooth technology makes these same connections, except it does it without the cables and wires. With Bluetooth there is no more worrying about which cable goes where, while getting tangled in the mess.
• Setting the Standard :
Bluetooth technology is actually derived from a combination of wireless technologies. The Bluetooth specification unites these technologies under the title: "Bluetooth technology".
Bluetooth technology was first developed by Ericsson and then formalized by a group of electronics manufacturers (Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, and Toshiba) who joined forces to form a private trade association known as the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG).
When they formally introduced the Bluetooth specification to the public, they established a global standard, thus creating a universal way for mobile computers, cell phones, and various other devices to wirelessly connect with one another.
Due to the fact that Bluetooth technology is a standardized wireless technology, you can rest assure it will be around for many years to come
INTRODUCTION
Bluetooth™ wireless technology is finally here. Originally conceived as a low-power short-range radio technology designed to replace cables for interconnecting devices such as printers, keyboards, and mice, its perceived potential has evolved into far more sophisticated usage models. The requirement to do this in a totally automated, seamless, and user-friendly fashion, without adding appreciable cost, weight, or power drain to the associated host is an enormous engineering challenge.
Bluetooth devices can form piconets of up to seven slaves and one master, enabling discovery of services and subsequent implementation of many varied usage models including wireless headsets, Internet bridges, and wireless operations such as file exchange, data synchronization, and printing.
Despite talk of Bluetooth competing with wireless LANs, Bluetooth products work over shorter distances and are designed to solve different problems.
The Bluetooth SIG publishes the Bluetooth specification. The IEEE has formed the 802.15 working group to define standards for wireless PANs. The 802.15.1 standard for WPAN™s will be modeled after the Bluetooth specification from the Bluetooth SIG. Microsoft® has announced support for Bluetooth in the next release of Windows® XP.
The waters of Bluetooth security have yet to be tested. However, the Bluetooth specification has a robust key management scheme built in, as well as upper layers of security. Bluetooth uses the national standard AES algorithm for encryption and the general consensus is that the options for Bluetooth security are strong and robust.
The Promise of Bluetooth – What it can do
The promise of Bluetooth is extremely ambitious. If Bluetooth lives up to its potential, it will revolutionize the way people interact with information technology. Originally conceived as a low-power short-range radio technology designed to replace cables for interconnecting devices such as printers, keyboards, and mice, its perceived potential has evolved into much more.
It has given rise to the concept of the Personal Area Network (PAN), a technology of convenience where everything within the Personal Operating Space (POS) of an individual that is related to communicating information (both voice and data) is automatically tied into a seamless peer-to-peer network that self-configures to make information easily accessible. Scenarios for its usage are many and diverse and are only limited by the imaginations of the companies that create the products.
Compared with wireless LANs:
There is even talk of Bluetooth competing with WLANs, but Bluetooth products work over shorter distances and are designed to solve different problems. While the functionality of a WLAN device stands alone as a network component, the functionality of a Bluetooth component requires a host. The host can be any number of Bluetooth -enabled devices such as cell phones, headsets, keyboards, PDAs, vending machines, cameras, and bar code readers.
Usage model examples:
Following are examples of some usage models for Bluetooth devices.
1.Wireless headset:
The leading adoption of Bluetooth will initially be in the arena of mobile phones. Nearly every major mobile phone manufacturer has already released Bluetooth-enabled models of their popular phones. The driver for this adoption is the ability to use a wireless headset with the phone. The impact of mobile phone radiation on health has been under scrutiny for some time, especially since the phone is usually held near the head. The radio frequency energy emitted by a Bluetooth wireless headset is a raction of that emitted by a mobile phone. Additionally, the convenience of being cordless means the phone can be used even if it is in a briefcase or the trunk.
2.Internet bridge:
Bluetooth wireless technology can be used to allow a mobile phone or cordless modem to provide Dial-Up Networking (DUN) capabilities for a PC, allowing it to connect to the Internet without a physical phone line. This enables a laptop to automatically utilize the user’s nearby cell phone to dial and connect to a dial-up service. The user doesn’t need to touch the phone, which might be in a briefcase or coat pocket.
3.File exchange:
The ability to perform peer-to-peer file exchange without the presence of a network infrastructure has many advantages. For example, a salesperson may choose to share the contents of an electronic slide presentation (as well as datasheets, business cards, and other electronic collateral) with the audience. Bluetooth enables the automatic detection of any Bluetooth devices in the room, enabling the transfer (with the receiver’s permission) of all selected files. (This could also be done with a wireless LAN, but all parties involved would have to configure their clients to use compatible network settings. This is not required for Bluetooth.)
4.Synchronization:
Bluetooth allows for data synchronization between devices. For example, a desktop computer that is Bluetooth enabled can wirelessly synchronize its contact list, task information, calendar, etc., to a user’s phone, PDA, or notebook. Several Bluetooth- based synchronization models already exist for both Pocket PC and Palm-based PDAs.
5.Printing:
HP is making printers and notebooks with embedded Bluetooth technology. Bluetooth-enabled devices can automatically detect Bluetooth-enabled printers in their area and wirelessly send documents to the printer without going through lengthy network and printing setup processes. Mobile users who frequently visit remote offices will find Bluetooth printing a significant improvement in convenience to their current experience.
An engineering challenge:
The demands of creating Bluetooth-enabled products are very challenging. Consider the following:
• Bluetooth must have a very flexible application topology. For example, you might want your PDA to be able to communicate with any nearby printer, but do you wantyour cell phone to send its audio to any nearby hands-free headset?
• Bluetooth must be automatically configurable. If a Bluetooth product can’t figure out whom it should and shouldn’t talk to and how, the marketplace will consider it toocomplicated to use.
• Bluetooth must have quality of service (QoS) features to support voice.
• No one wants cell phones with shorter battery life, so the power required to support .Bluetooth capability must be very low.
• No one wants PDAs that are larger, so adding Bluetooth capability to a device should not noticeably increase its size.
• In order to replace cables, Bluetooth cannot cost more than cables. This means that ,Bluetooth technology cannot add more than $5 to the cost of the host device.
The phrase “Wireless connections made easy,” which is printed on the cover page of the more than 1,500 pages of engineering specifications that define Bluetooth, means easy for the user, but hard for the engineers designing the products. For the reasons outlined above,
Bluetooth presents some of the most demanding engineering challenges in the telecommunications arena, and products are only just now beginning to appear on the market.
Bluetooth™ Product Certification:
The Bluetooth Special Interest Group1 (SIG) is a group of companies that cooperate to define Bluetooth standards and qualify Bluetooth products. A product that has passed certain testing criteria can be stamped with the Bluetooth logo, assuring a certain level of interoperability.
Bluetooth Basics – How it works
Network Topology

Any Bluetooth device can be a master or a slave, depending on the application scenario. Bluetooth employs frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) to communicate. So in order for multiple Bluetooth devices to communicate, they must all synchronize to the same hopping sequence. The master sets the hopping sequence, and the slaves synchronize to the Master.
A piconet is formed by a master and up to seven active slaves. The slaves in a piconet only communicate with the master.
A scatter net can be formed by linking two or more piconets. When a device is present in more than one piconet, it must time-share and synchronize to the master of the piconet with which it is currently communicating.
While the topology and hierarchical structure of WLAN networks are relatively simple, Bluetooth networks are far more diverse and dynamic. They are constantly being formed, modified, and dissolved, as Bluetooth devices move in and out of range of one another. And because different Bluetooth devices can represent many different usage profiles, there are many different ways in which Bluetooth devices can interact.
Service Discovery:
The concept of service discovery is utilized to determine what kind of Bluetooth devices are present and what services they desire or offer. When a Bluetooth device requires a service, it begins a discovery process by sending out a query for other Bluetooth devices and the information needed to establish a connection with them. Once other Bluetooth devices are found and communication is established, the Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) is utilized to determine what services are supported and what kinds of connections should be made.
In order for the above to happen, devices willing to connect must be located. Some devices may be set up so that they are invisible. In this case, they can scan for other Bluetooth devices, but will not respond if they are likewise queried. Applications determine whether a device is connectable or discoverable, and thus applications determine the topologies of networks and their internal hierarchies.
ACL and SCO Links:
Once a connection has been established between two devices an Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) page link is formed between them. An ACL page link provides packet-switched communication and is the most common page link used to handle data traffic. A master has the option to change an ACL page link to a Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) link. An SCO page link provides a QoS feature by reserving time slots for transmission of time-critical information such as voice. A piconet can have up to three full-duplex voice links
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