Presented by:
Sajjad Hussain
Neha Gambhir
Anuradha

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HYGROELECTRICITY
 Concept: Extracting electricity out of humidity
 Not just a pie in the sky
 Atmosphere : A great source of electricity
 Could be of great utility in region of high humidity
What is the need ?
 Humans : A creative creature but still acts as virus when it comes to energy consumption
 The end of fossil fuel
 Global population
 Demand for Energy
 Global Warming
Conclusion: A need to look for alternative and renewable source of energy HYGROELECTRICITY : The basic principle
 A metal placed in humid environment develops charge on its surface.
 The charge increases with the increase in relative humidity
 The amount of charge depends on
Nature of metal
Exposure time
Relative humidity
Surface area
Contrast with electroneutrality principle
 Electroneutrality principle statement
 water droplets in the atmosphere were electrically neutral, and remained so even after coming into contact with the electrical charges on dust particles and droplets of other liquids
 Recent researches shows ion imbalances
 Not actually contradiction
 water has ion imbalances that could allow it to produce a charge. The principle of electroneutrality states that if you consider the liquid as a whole that the net charge within the liquid will be neutral . The principle does not state that if you subdivide a liquid and only consider a portion of its volume that the charge in that portion has to be neutral
Unexpected pattern of R H v/s Static electricity
 Decreases with increase in RH .
 Due to increase in conductance,the charge dissipation
increases.
 Actually this idea was for dielectrics.
 Charge deposition on metals due to humidity remain undiscovered.
 Recent researches shows opposite behaviour in case of metals
Gameblack’s report
 Presented on Aug 25 at 240th meeting of ACS
 Revealed his research showing unexpected electric charge distribution on metals and insulator surfaces.
 Questioning the well proved concept of electrostatics.
 Our lack of knowledge about the identity of charge forming species.
 Builds and tests models explaining adsorption of H+ and OH- on metal in humid environment.
 Aims at capturing this electricity calling it hygroelectricity.
Experimental Observations
 According to the previous theory of charge dissipation, static electricity decreases with increase in RH
Behaviour of humidity
 Dual behaviour of humidity
 Encourages reproducibility of electrostatic experiments .
 Electric shocks experienced from boiler surfaces
 Age old mystery unfold
 The idea was actually given by Faraday long ago but was buried in grave of time due to technological limitations
 Isolated metals within faraday cages acquire charge spontaneously
 Aluminium and CPB becomes negative
 SS rendered positive
 First observed during faraday cup experiment
 Electric charge on isolated metal should remain zero if it is grounded
 Sample made of brass or electrolytic copper mounted within but electrically isolated
from an outer hollow CPB.
 Charge drifts slowly to negative values
 Independent of RH
 Different behaviour when outer hollow cylinder is made of aluminium
 Similar behaviour at low Humidity
 But at 50% or more RH , sharp steep on the curve.
 Aluminium acquires negative charge, SS acquires positive charge.
Possible explanation
 Acidic behaviour of Aluminium oxides attracts OH-
 Basic behaviour of SS oxide attracts H+
 Charge flows through conducive wires
 H+ and OH- left out in atmosphere recombines
Verification of adsorption thery
 Coating the aluminium and SS cylinder with silicone oil
 Silicone oil reduces water vapour contact
 Charge accumulation negligible upto relative humidity =95%
HYGROPANELS
 All the results encourages development of device to capture the charge to produce electricity
 Charge on metal easily transferable to circuitry
Construction
 Stacked sheets of filter paper, Al, filter, SS, filter paper and so on in this order.
 Acts as capacitor
 The electrodes to be chosen so as to form oxide layer on its surface
 One should be acidic in nature, the other basic
 Filter paper used because it is an excellent dielectric and great adsorbent of moisture
 A large number of capacitor bank should be connected in parallel by means of conducive wires
 Allowing it to charge and short circuiting after certain intervals shows the following pattern
 Quite reproducible at high humidity
 Thus electricity can be generated continuously
Possible application and quantitative analysis
 The hygropanels can be mounted on the roof tops and electricity generated can be utilized like solar panels
 As a supplement to solar panels
 A 5cm2 area sheet can develop 10-4 C charge at RH> 60%we use 10 cm thick stacks or piles made of Aluminium or SS sheet (thickness-0.3-0.4 mm)
 A stack of 10 cm thickness approx. equals to 200 sheets
 Let n be the number of sheets in 1 m2 area, 10 cm thick panel
 n=(100*100/5)*200
=4*105
 Power generated by one capacitor bank =0.8(v)*10-5(C/s) W
 This multiplied by n gives 3.2W of energy
Cost analysis of the proposed hygropanels
 We have calculated the approximate cost as given below:
 The hygro panel taken is of 1m2 area 10 cm thick
 Materials used where aluminium, stainless steel, filter paper, conducive wires, etc.
 Supposing 33% of the panel is made with aluminium and another 33% by stainless steel, and the rest with filter paper, conducive wiring, etc.
 Density of aluminium = 2700kg/m3
 Hence amount of aluminium used = 2700*1*1*0.1/3 = 85 kg approx
 Similarly density of stainless steel = 8000 kg/m3
 Hence amount of SS used = 240 kg
Rates
 Aluminium = Rs 70 per kg
 SS = Rs 100 per kg
 Total cost on metal = 70*85+240*100= Rs 29950
 Extra cost on wiring panel and filter paper = Rs 10000
 Total cost of hygropanel = Rs 39500 approx
Although in this amount of money we can have a 224 W solar panel, but further researches and developments would for sure bring down the cost per unit of electricity produced .
Efficiency
 Talking of the efficiency , we don’t have any idea about the exact value because it has never been practically implemented but it could be well around 90% due to the static nature of the device.
Why to invest money on development of this technology ?
 Other possible future energy sources are using waste heats , body electricity etc.
 But in this technology small electricity needs not to be stored because of the static nature of the system
 Unlike solar technology, doesn’t work only in day time
 Need not to be mounted on roof tops only
 Doesn’t involve manual interference
 Can be employed as supplement to solar technology
 Can prove to be of great utility in coastal areas
 The metals used are not so costly
 Can act as absorber of atmospheric electricity formed during lightning
 Thus useful in country like Brazil
CHALLENGES
 Since theoretically fascinating but practical application still a dream
 Low level of current produced
 Can only work in high humidity areas
 Development of reverse potential between the electrodes due to desorbed or left out charges
CONCLUSION
 This technology will be challenged on many practical grounds but that doesn’t concern me a lot because
“That's how science works”

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