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BLUE EYES

What is Blue eyes?
The U.S. computer giant,IBM has been conducting research on the Blue
Eyes technology at its Almaden Research Center (ARC) in San Jose,
Calif., since 1997. The ARC is IBM's main laboratory for basic
research. The primary objective of the research is to give a computer
the ability of the human being to assess a situation by using the
senses of sight, hearing and touch.
Animal survival depends on highly developed sensory abilities.
Likewise, human cognition depends on highly developed abilities to
perceive, integrate, and interpret visual, auditory, and touch
information. Without a doubt, computers would be much more powerful
if they had even a small fraction of the perceptual ability of
animals or humans. Adding such perceptual abilities to computers
would enable computers and humans to work together more as partners.
Toward this end, the Blue Eyes project aims at creating computational
devices with the sort of perceptual abilities that people take for
granted.
Thus Blue eyes is the technology to make computers sense and
understand human behavior and feelings and react in the proper ways.

Aims
1)To design smarter devices
2)To create devices with emotional intelligence
3)To create computational devices with perceptual abilities
The idea of giving computers personality or, more accurately,
emotional intelligence" may seem creepy, but technologists say such
machines would offer important advantages.
De-spite their lightning speed and awesome powers of computation,
today's PCs are essentially deaf, dumb, and blind. They can't see
you, they can't hear you, and they certainly don't care a whit how
you feel. Every computer user knows the frustration of nonsensical
error messages, buggy software, and abrupt system crashes. We might
berate the computer as if it were an unruly child, but, of course,
the machine can't respond. "It's ironic that people feel like dummies
in front of their computers, when in fact the computer is the dummy,"
says Rosalind Picard, a computer science professor at the MIT Media
Lab in Cambridge.
A computer endowed with emotional intelligence, on the other hand,
could recognize when its operator is feeling angry or frustrated and
try to respond in an appropriate fashion. Such a computer might slow
down or replay a tutorial program for a confused student, or
recognize when a designer is burned out and suggest he take a break.
It could even play a recording of Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata" if
it sensed anxiety or serve up a rousing Springsteen anthem if it
detected lethargy. The possible applications of "emotion technology"
extend far beyond the desktop. A car equipped with an affective
computing system could recognize when a driver is feeling drowsy and
ad-vise her to pull over, or it might sense when a stressed-out
motorist is about to explode and warn him to slow down and cool off.
These machines have got their own personality and this
personality depends upon the moods of the user.

TRACKS USED
Our emotional changes are mostly reflected in our heart pulse
rate,reathing rate ,facial expressions ,eye movements ,voice
etc.Hence these are the parameters on which lue technology is being
developed.

Making computers see and feel
Blue Eyes uses sensing technology to identify a user's actions and to
extract key information. This information is then analyzed to
determine the user's physical, emotional, or informational state,
which in turn can be used to help make the user more productive by
performing expected actions or by providing expected information.
Beyond making computers more responsive to people's feelings,
researchers say there is another compelling reason for giving ma-
chines emotional intelligence. Contrary to the common wisdom that
emotions contribute to irrational behavior, studies have shown that
feelings actually play a vital role in logical thought and decision-
making. Emotionally impaired people often find it difficult to make
decisions because they fail to recognize the subtle clues and
signals--does this make me feel happy or sad, excited or bored?--that
help direct healthy thought processes. It stands to reason,
therefore, that computers that can emulate human emotions are more
likely to behave rationally, in a manner we can understand. Emotions
are like the weather.We only pay attention to them when there is a
sudden outburst, like a tornado, but in fact they are constantly
operating in the background, helping to monitor and guide our day-to
-day activities.
Picard, who is also the author of the groundbreaking book Affective
Computing, argues that computers should operate under the same
principle. "They have tremendous mathematical abilities, but when it
comes to interacting with people, they are autistic," she says. "If
we want computers to be genuinely intelligent and interact naturally
with us, we must give them the ability to recognize, understand, and
even to behave' and express emotions." Imagine the benefit of a
computer that could remember that a particular Internet search had
resulted in a frustrating and futile exploration of cyberspace. Next
time, it might modify its investigation to improve the chances of
success when a similar request is made.

Affective Computing
The process of making emotional computers with sensing abilities is
known as affective computing.The steps used in this are:
1)Giving sensing abilities
2)Detecting human emotions
3)Respond properly

The first step, researchers say, is to give ma-chines the equivalent
of the eyes, ears, and other sensory organs that humans use to
recognize and express emotion. To that end, computer scientists are
exploring a variety of mechanisms including voice-recognition
software that can discern not only what is being said but the tone in
which it is said; cameras that can track subtle facial expressions,
eye movements, and hand gestures; and biometric sensors that can
measure body temperature, blood pressure, muscle tension, and other
physiological signals associated with emotion.
In the second step, the computers have to detect even the
minor variations of our moods.For eg,a person may hit the keyboard
very fastly either in the happy mood or in the angry mood.
In the third step the computers have to react in accordance
with the emotional states.
Various methods of accomplishing affective computing are :
1) Affect detection:
This is the method of detecting our emotional states from
the expressions on our face.Algorithms amenale to real time
implementation that extract information from facial expressions and
head gestures are being explored.Most of the information is
extractewd from the position of the eye rows and the corners of the
mouth.
2)MAGIC pointing:
MAGIC stands for Manual Acquisition with Gaze Tracking
Technology. a computer with this technology could move the
cursor by following the direction of the user's eyes.
This type of technology will enable the computer to
automatically transmit information related to the screen
that the user is gazing at. Also, it will enable the
computer to determine, from the user's expression, if he or
she understood the information on the screen, before
automatically deciding to proceed to the next program.
The user pointing is still done by the hand,ut the cursor always
appears at the right position as if by MAGIC.By marrying input
technology and eye tracking ,we get MAGIC pointing.
3)SUITOR:
SUITOR stands for Simple User Interface Tracker.It
implements the method for putting computational devices in touch with
their userâ„¢s changing moods.It is mostly used in we ased
applications.By watching what we page the user is currently
rowsing,the SUITOR can find additional information on that topic.The
key is that the user simply interacts with the computer as usual and
the computer infers user interest based on what it sees the user do.

4)EMOTION MOUSE:
This is the mouse emedded with sensors that can sense the
physiological attributes such as temperature,ody prewssure,pulse
rate, and touching style, etc.The computer can determine the userâ„¢s
emotional states by a single touch.IBM is still oerforming research
on this mouse and will be availale in the market within the next two
or three years.The expected accuracy is 75%.

Blue Eyes enaled devices

Some of the blue Eyes enabled devices are discussed below:
1)POD:
The first blue Eye enabled mass production device
was POD ,the car manufactured y TOYOTA.It could keep the driver alert
and active.It could tell the driver to go slow if he is driving too
fastly and it could pull over the driver when he feels drowsy.Also it
could hear the driver some sort of interesting music when he is
getting bored.
2)PONG:
IBM released a robot designed for demonstrating the
new technology.The Blue Eyes robot is equipped with a computer
capable of analyzing a person's glances and other forms of
expressions of feelings, before automatically determining the next
type of action. IBM has released a robot called PONG, which is
equipped with the Blue Eyes technology. PONG is capable of
perceiving the person standing in front of it, smiles when the
person calls his name, and expresses loneliness when it loses sight
of the person.
IBM is showing this robot to the public at the company's
exhibition called "IBM Fair 2000" at the Japan Convention
Center (Makuhari Messe) in Chiba prefecture, March 1-3.
3)SECURE PAD:
This is an electronic badge that can identify the wearer
and track his movements and activities with an array of sensors. The
device was designed for a major health-care provider to track the
activities of doctors and other personnel at large medical
facilities. It knows who you are and where you are, and it has a
pretty good idea of what you are doing and when you are doing it.
Although that may sound ominous, the device will ultimately benefit
patients by enhancing the security and accountability of medical
facilities. For example, the device will know who has accessed a drug
locker and what drugs were removed. It will also allow doctors to
access confidential medical information without carrying around paper
charts, which can be misplaced or read by unauthorized personnel.
When a doctor wearing the Secure Pad enters a patient's room, the
patient's medical records will automatically appear on a wall monitor
when the doctor looks at it. When he looks away, or another person
enters the room, the records will disappear. Another advantage of
Secure Pad is that it's interchangeable; when a wearer removes the
badge from her body, the device automatically deactivates, its slate
wiped clean until the next person puts it on.

SOFTWARE and HARDWARE
BLue Eyes software is called agent which analyzes and modifies the
mother program, according to the userâ„¢s needs and moods.The user
modifies the mother program whenever the user requests or hardware
finds that the user is changing his moods.
For eg, in a we browsing ,if a particular search is found to e
failure ,the agent might improve the searching y changing the
searching key words so as to get the desired results.
Hardware used is dedicated hardware.Usually emedded devices are
used.For eg, a pc camera may drain the processing ailities of the
system and can not e used. The embedded devices have their own
processing capabilities and can function on their own to achieve
specific purposes.

CURRENT SCENARIO
Pioneers in this field are IBM,MIT(Massachussets Institute of
Technology),Sony.Egs of the technologies now under study have already
been discussed.Limited success is achieved in translating
neurological activities into identifiable emotional states
y implanting electrodes in the rain.Researches are still going on and
commercial availability is supposed to happen within the next few
years.


FUTURE
Future applications of this technology is limitless “from designing
cars and developing presentations to interactive entertainment and
advertising.Also it may become very common in our household devices
also .
For eg:
A blue eyes enabled TV set would become active when we look in its
directions.Voice commands could then tune your favourite channel and
adjust the volume.

CONCLUSION
The Blue eyes technology ensures a convenient way of simplifying the
life by providing more delicate and user friendly facilities in
computing devices. The gap between the electronic and
physical world will be reduced.The computers can be run by using the
implicit commands instead of the explicit commands.

REFERENCES
1> philologos.com
2> techreviwe.com
3> almaden.im.com
4> research.im.com
5> metropolismag.com
6> visuallee.com
7> howstuffworks.com
8> entecollege.com


CONTENTS

1) What is blue eyes?
2) Aims of blues eyes technology
3) Tracks used
4) Making computers see and feel
5) Affective computing
6) Blue eyes enabled devices
7) Software and hardware
8) Current scenario
9) Future
10) Conclusion
11) References