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D. gokul chowdary

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BLADE SERVER
INTRODUCTION
 A blade server is a stripped down server computer with a modular design optimized to minimize the use of physical space and energy.
 Blade servers is a card on the server: a single motherboard that contains a complete computer system, including processors, memory, network connections and related electronic devices
BLADE SERVER
 Blade servers allow more processing power in less rack space, simplifying cabling and reducing power consumption.
 Blade servers can experience as much as an 85% reduction in cabling for blade installations over conventional 1U or tower servers. With so much less cabling, IT administrators can spend less time managing the infrastructure and more time ensuring high availability.
 Blade typically comes with one or two local ATA or SCSI drives. For additional storage, blade servers can connect to a storage pool facilitated by a network-attached storage (NAS), Fiber Channel, or iSCSI storage-area network (SAN).
 The individual blades in the chassis (also called a cabinet) are connected using a bus system . Combined they form a blade server and all share a common network connection, power supply and cooling resources.
 Each blade will have its own software and operating system installed on it. Blades such as storage blades with hard disk drives or those supporting Gigabit Ethernet switches and Fiber Channel storage switches can be added to a blade server.
 A blade server also works well with thin client devices (a client/server architecture in which no data is stored).
HISTORY
 Blade server technology was initially developed in the early millennium through a partnership between IBM and Intel.
 Later, a number of major companies, led by IBM, formed an “industry community” in February 2006, with a website base at blade.org.
 The mission of the community is to “accelerate the growth and adoption of [blade] technologies in the market.”
HARDWARE CONFIGERATION
The hardware of blade server contains the following elements
• Chassis (exterior): The components of blade servers are placed in a chassis. The chassis can hold a number of server blades.
Components in chassis
 Server blade
 Switch blade
• Management blade: The management blade is to manage the blades in the chassis.
 CPU: Central processing unit
 NIC: Network interface card
• Middle plane: Middle plane is for connecting the switch blades.
 NIC Hard disk
 Memory
 CPU
FEATURES
Lower hardware costs :
• Sharing of power and cooling equipment.
• Management of hardware and cabling systems
Simplified deployment and maintenance :
• Time-consuming and resource-intensive process
• Sharing a number of redundant power supply, so to minimize the wiring of the rack
• Administrators can operate through a network
To reduce power consumption :
• Uses low-power processor.
• Low power consumption because fewer components.
To maximize the use of data center space:
• Blade servers can make the server than the current density of rack-optimized 1U system increased 100% to 800%.
USES
Blade servers function well for specific purposes such as
 File sharing
 Web page serving and caching
 SSL encrypting of Web communication
 The trans-coding of Web page content for smaller displays
 Streaming audio and video content
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
 Condensed, high-density
 Load balancing and failover
 Power consumption & power management
 Lower management cost
 Flexibility, modularity, and ease of upgrading
 Deployment and scalability
 Disaster management
DISADVANTAGES
 Expensive configuration
 Expensive tool
 Vendor-lock
 Business case
 Heating and cooling
BLADE VS. RACKMOUNT
VIRTUALIZATION
 Virtualization involves emulating multiple servers on one hardware platform.
 Running multiple operating systems on a single computer or storage virtualization where you have the amalgamation of multiple network storage devices into what appears to be a single storage unit are examples of virtualization
 With a blade server you have the option to combine blades with virtualization software to consolidate workloads, each running on its own instance of the OS (using the same or a different OS).
Common Blade Server Computing Environments
 Blades are frequently deployed in data centers and high-performance computing environments, and can serve as application servers, databases, e-mail or Web servers, and more.
 Large data centers and telecommunications service providers benefit from the use of blades as they provide the means for a large business to respond quickly to changes in business conditions.
 Where a business or group would use several different servers for different applications, it makes sense to combine the multiple servers into one blade server to make for better manageability.
CURRENT RESEARCH
To Enables High-Performance Functionality:
• blades are incorporating technology such as open standard architectures, multicore processors, PCI expansion for multiple I/O functionality, the ability to house multiple OSs, low-power processors and innovative cooling techniques, standard AC electrical connectivity, daisy-chaining and Gigabit Ethernet ports.
HPC Blade Implementations:
• Distributed computing, rendering/imaging, number-crunching processes, test and measurement data analysis, content manipulation, server appliances or gateways, and heterogeneous computing using mixed OSs are just a few of the areas expected to utilize blades for HPC
Industry Adoption:
• blade servers are well suited to seismic data analysis, data manipulation, visual rendering via FireWire interfaces and data storage.
• Military applications are beginning to utilize blades as well, such as signal detection and analysis, surveillance, data analysis and manipulation, and visual rendering of data.
The Emergence of Fully Capable Blade Servers:
• High-performance, open standard computing is becoming more commonplace across an increasing number of technology-rich industries.
FUTURE SCOPE
 At the component level, there are improvements going on at the chip-level from Intel and AMD like quad-core and beyond.
 Virtualization assist is now happening at the hardware level, which is making the next level up the server virtualization software run substantially faster.
 Continuing improvements in the power and cooling efficiencies and capabilities.
 The newer generations of blades systems have improving substantially, to the point where a blade server generates less heat and is more efficient.
CONCLUSION
 Blade servers can greatly improve the reliability of business systems.
 It is clear that by close review of the application and it’s power requirements decisions can be made that will allow for future expansion, denser cabinets, greatly reduced costs .power redundancy and will optimize cable and CDU requirements.
 It is only through making the power requirements a priority at the beginning of the project rather than an after thought that these goals are achieved.

plz send me the blade server report

Submitted By
D.GOKUL CHOWDARY

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1. INTRODUCTION
With the high cost of data center floor space and current advances in technology, new installations with denser cabinets that require more powerand cooling continues to be the trend. Besides the challenges that new installations present, equipment cabinet upgrades can also be a problem asthe existing power and cooling currently provided may not support the new cabinet configuration. Surveys show that Information Technology equipment is typically replaced every 2 to 5 years depending on theindividual organization and its needs. Surveys also show (See Chart 1) that when asked about their top 3 concerns; Heat/Power Density is the number one concern of Data Center Management.
High density applications like cluster server configurations have in some cases pushed the kW power demands as high as 40 kW per cabinet. The required power depends on the equipment, how dense the cabinet is and whether redundancy is required. This has led to new and innovative solutions for providing cabinet level power utilizing CDU’s (Cabinet distribution Units).Distributed server architectures based upon "blades" are rapidly emerging in the data centers of corporations and Internet service providers. Historically, servers only assumed the form factor of a re-purposed desktop computer or rack-mountable appliance. These servers utilized high-quality components and leverage additional memory and hard disk capacity. Now server form factors are evolving into single PC cards that can be plugged into a chassis as a single module. Bladed servers stack numerous independent lower-end servers within a single chassis. Chassis can accept anywhere from eight to 24 blades. Each blade is an independent system with its own memory, processor and network connection. Due to their compact size, multiple blade servers can be placed in a single server rack or enclosure, allowing numerous systems to share electricity and HVAC resources. Gartner Dataquest predicts that worldwide server blade shipments will increase from 84,410 units in 2002 to more than one million in 2006. The IT research firm anticipates that revenue from server blades will reach at least $1.2 billion during this time period. Blades are thus becoming the one major segment of the server market that is experiencing escalating growth. The popularity and fast growth of the blade server can be attributed to cost-savings that the device accrues to its users, especially hosting firms and service providers. Because more than 250 blade servers can be effectively placed into a single rack, it is possible for hosting firms with data center operations to quadruple their hosting capacity with the devices. By comparison, most of today's low-end servers have only a single computer in one enclosure, allowing only one 42 systems to fit in an industry-standard rack. Because blade servers are small, consume less power and generate less heat than an average server, they are emerging as an ever-popular option for niche Web hosting services. With the cost of data center space at approximately $300 per square foot and with energy costs increasing throughout continental North America due to deregulation, blade servers have become the de facto standard for increasing data center profitability. The systems are typically used as Web servers and caching servers that deliver Web pages to Internet browsers, SSL servers for encrypted communication, and streaming servers for audio and video transmissions. Most hosting companies and service providers appreciate the devices because they are easy to install and employ dedicated software that improves their administration, performance and reliability. The devices are also increasingly being utilized as firewall devices and to increase capacity in corporate data centers. Blade severs are excellent devices for hosting companies with large existing data center deployments who want to capitalize upon existing PCI expansion space. The inclusion of a single blade allows a hosting company to double its computing power or hosting offering, utilizing the same amount of physical space. The main disadvantage concerning PCI-based blade servers is that the processors are usually not as robust as traditional high-end servers. This factor limits the use of the server to functions such as low-end Web hosting. While blade severs have the capacity to serve streaming video and other demanding applications, often the emerging technology is used for back up or storage purposes. Lower-end models usually depend on server or operating system virtualization, causing the server to run much slower than traditional equipment. It is thus incumbent upon a reseller to determine whether a hosting company is utilizing blade servers for mission-critical deployments and whether those servers can accommodate demanding applications. Resellers who operate their own equipment might want to consider utilizing blade servers as an effective technology to add firewall or other security specific capacities to their collocated equipment.
TYPES
Since blade enclosures provide a standard method for delivering basic services to computer devices, other types of devices can also utilize blade enclosures. Blades providing switching, routing, storage, SAN and fiber-channel access can slot into the enclosure to provide these services to all members of the enclosure.
Blade vs. Rack mount
Blade servers are outgrowing at a faster rate than traditional rack mount servers. A recent Gartner study found that blade servers are the fastest growing segment of the server market. One reason is simply because blades are easy to configure and manage. Using a blade can be as easy as using an expansion card — only this "expansion card" comes with one to four processors, memory and disk storage. Blades are considered to be hot-swappable, which means you can add new blades or remove existing ones while the system is powered on. Traditionally, blade servers have been deployed in data centers and large enterprise environments, but the small business is looking at blades for the same reason enterprise has previously: They take up less floor space than traditional rack mount servers, they require less power and fewer IT management resources are required than with a rack mount. Blade servers are scalable to any physical infrastructure.
It is important to remember that blades are not suited to all applications and cannot replace a large-scale server in all instances. There is an also proprietary interest at stake. An HP blade, for example, cannot be plugged into an IBM blade chassis. As a result, third-party vendor blades have to be designed for specific branded chassis.
Blade vs. Rack mount — A Quick Comparison
Blade Servers Rack mount Servers
Shared infrastructure for fans, power supplies, Ethernet switching, storage. Networking and storage is built into the chassis, which eliminates cables.
Each has its own power supply, fan and cables.
Small form factor can use up to half the space of a rack mount server.
Large physical floor space required to house rack mount.
Installation requires no special tools or expertise, semi-technical or non-technical staff can deploy the blades. Able to hot-swap.
More difficult deployment. SMB may require on-site technicians to make additions to the rack mount.
Proprietary nature limits the ability to mix and match components from multiple suppliers in one chassis.
More choice in system suppliers for acquisitions. Multiple components from different suppliers can be used in one chassis.
Many blades still have cooling issues due to shared cooling on the chassis
A variety of rack mount coolers are available. Separate fans help cooling issues.
Virtualization & Common Blade Server Computing Environments
Virtualization is another area of computing that has been a driving force behind blades. Virtualization involves emulating multiple servers on one hardware platform. Running multiple operating systems on a single computer or storage virtualization where you have the the amalgamation of multiple network storage devices into what appears to be a single storage unit are examples of virtualization. With a blade server you have the option to combine blades with virtualization software to consolidate workloads, each running on its own instance of the OS (using the same or a different OS). With blades, separate operating systems and applications can co-exist on one server and users of the system are able to access more memory and processing power as their workload demands it.
Blades are frequently deployed in data centers and high-performance computing environments (a branch of computer science that concentrates on developing supercomputers and software to run on supercomputers.), and can serve as application servers, databases, e-mail or Web servers, and more. Large data centers and telecommunications service providers benefit from the use of blades as they provide the means for a large business to respond quickly to changes in business conditions. High-traffic Web sites are another example of where blades can help — if you plan to host an online event, broadcast events live or something of that nature blades are a perfect solution as they allow you to quickly add memory and processing power to compensate for unusually high traffic to the Web site.
Overall, where a business or group would use several different servers for different applications, it makes sense to combine the multiple servers into one blade server to make for better manageability. Blades are often viewed as a solution for large enterprise, but really the IT cost and manageability of a blade solution makes it well-suited for smaller businesses and organizations. To this end, many of the main blade vendors market specific blade solutions and packages to the SMB.

good...keep it going

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ABSTRACT
A blade server is a stripped down server computer with a modular design optimized to minimize the use of physical space and energy. Whereas a standard mount server can function with (at least) a power cord and network cable, blade servers have many components removed to save space, minimize power consumption and other considerations, while still having all the functional components to be considered a computer. A blade enclosure, which can hold multiple blade servers, provides services such as power, cooling, networking, various interconnects and management. Together, blades and the blade enclosure form the blade system. (Different blade providers have differing principles regarding what to include in the blade itself, and in the blade system altogether.)
In a standard server-rack configuration, 1U (one rack unit, 19" [48 cm] wide and 1.75" [4.45 cm] tall) defines the minimum possible size of any equipment. The principal benefit and justification of blade computing relates to lifting this restriction so as to reduce size requirements. The most common computer rack form-factor is 42U high, which limits the number of discrete computer devices directly mountable in a rack to 42 components. Blades do not have this limitation; as of 2009, densities of up to 128 discrete servers per rack are achievable with blade systems.
2. HISTORY
Developers placed complete microcomputers on cards and packaged them in standard 19-inch racks in the 1970s soon after the introduction of 8-bit microprocessors. This architecture operated in the industrial process control industry as an alternative to minicomputer control-systems. Early models stored programs in EPROM and were limited to a single function with a small real-time executive.
The VMEbus architecture (ca. 1981) defined a computer interface which included implementation of a board-level computer installed in a chassis backplane with multiple slots for pluggable boards to provide I/O, memory, or additional computing. The PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group PICMG developed a chassis/blade structure for the then emerging Peripheral Component Interconnect bus PCI which is called CompactPCI. Common among these chassis based computers was the fact that the entire chassis was a single system. While a chassis might include multiple computing elements to provide the desired level of performance and redundancy, there was always one board in charge, one master board coordinating the operation of the entire system.
PICMG expanded the CompactPCI specification with the use of standard Ethernet connectivity between boards across the backplane. The PICMG 2.16 CompactPCI Packet Switching Backplane specification was adopted in Sept 2001 (PICMG specifications). This provided the first open architecture for a multi-server chassis. PICMG followed with the larger and more feature-rich AdvancedTCA specification targeting the telecom industry's need for a high availability and dense computing platform with extended product life (10+ years). While AdvancedTCA system and boards typically sell for higher prices than blade servers, AdvancedTCA suppliers claim that low operating-expenses and total-cost-of-ownership can make AdvancedTCA-based solutions a cost-effective alternative for many building blocks of the next generation telecom network.
The first commercialized blade server architecture was invented by Christopher Hipp and David Kirkeby and their US 6411506was assigned to Houston-based RLX Technologies. RLX, which consisted of mostly former Compaq Computer Corp employees, including Hipp and Kirkeby, shipped the first commercial blade server in 2001 and were acquired by Hewlett Packard (HP) in 2005.
In February 2006, Blade.org was established to increase the number of blade platform solutions available for customers and to accelerate the process of bringing them to market. It is a collaborative organization and developer community focused on accelerating the development and adoption of IBM blade server platforms.
The name blade server appeared when a card included the processor, memory, I/O and non-volatile program storage (flash memory or small hard(s)). This allowed manufacturers to package a complete server, with its operating system and applications, on a single card / board / blade. These blades could then operate independently within a common chassis, doing the work of multiple separate server boxes more efficiently. In addition to the most obvious benefit of this packaging (less space-consumption), additional efficiency benefits have become clear in power, cooling, management, and networking due to the pooling or sharing of common infrastructure to supports the entire chassis, rather than providing each of these on a per server box basis.
The research firm IDC identified the major players in the blade market as HP, IBM and Dell. Other companies selling blade servers include Sun, Super micro, Hitachi, Fujitsu-Siemens, Rack able (Hybrid Blade), Verari Systems and Intel (by way of reselling the IBM Blade chassis).

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