ASK HERE

03-11-2017, 11:09 PM

I want this pdf on biology project on the topic cancer

jaseela123d · 06-11-2017, 04:33 PM

Cancer is a group of diseases that involve abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes. More than 100 types of cancer affect humans.

Tobacco use is the cause of around 22% of deaths from cancer. Another 10% is due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity and excessive consumption of alcohol. Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionising radiation and environmental pollutants. In the developing world, almost 20% of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human papillomavirus infection. These factors act, at least in part, by modifying the genes of a cell. Normally, many genetic changes are required before the cancer develops. Approximately 5-10% of cancers are due to genetic defects inherited from a person's parents. Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests. Then, typically, it is further investigated by medical images and confirmed by a biopsy.

Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, not drinking too much alcohol, eating lots of vegetables, fruits and whole grains, vaccinating against certain infectious diseases, not eating too much processed and red meat, and avoiding too much sun exposure. Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer. The benefits of screening for breast cancer are controversial. Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. The control of pain and symptoms are an important part of care. Palliative care is particularly important in people with advanced disease. The probability of survival depends on the type of cancer and the degree of the disease at the beginning of treatment. In children under 15 years of age at diagnosis, the five-year survival rate in the developed world is, on average, 80%. For cancer in the United States, the average five-year survival rate is 66%.

In 2015, around 90.5 million people had cancer. About 14.1 million new cases occur annually (not including skin cancer other than melanoma). It caused about 8.8 million deaths (15.7% of deaths). The most common types of cancer in men are lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and stomach cancer. In women, the most common types are breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and cervical cancer. If skin cancer other than melanoma were included in the total number of new cancers each year, it would account for about 40% of the cases. In children, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and brain tumors are more common, except in Africa, where non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurs most often. In 2012, around 165,000 children under the age of 15 were diagnosed with cancer. The risk of cancer increases significantly with age and many cancers occur more commonly in developed countries. Rates are increasing as more people live to old age and when lifestyle changes occur in the developing world. The financial costs of cancer were estimated at $ 1.16 trillion per year as of 2010.

Causes

The majority of cancers, around 90-95% of cases, are due to genetic mutations of environmental factors. The remaining 5-10% is due to inherited genetics. Environmental, as used by cancer researchers, means any cause that is not genetically inherited, such as lifestyle, economic and behavioral factors, and not just pollution. Common environmental factors that contribute to death from cancer include tobacco (25-30%), diet and obesity (30-35%), infections (15-20%), radiation (ionising and non-ionising, up to 10%), stress , lack of physical activity and pollution.

In general, it is not possible to demonstrate what caused a particular cancer because the various causes do not have specific fingerprints. For example, if a person who uses tobacco develops lung cancer, it was probably caused by tobacco use, but since everyone has a small chance of developing lung cancer as a result of air pollution or radiation, the cancer may have developed. for one of those reasons. Except for the rare transmissions that occur with pregnancies and occasional organ donors, cancer is not usually a communicable disease.

Prevention

Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to reduce the risk of cancer. The vast majority of cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors. Many of these environmental factors are controllable lifestyle choices. Therefore, cancer can usually be prevented. Between 70% and 90% of common cancers are due to environmental factors and, therefore, potentially preventable.

More than 30% of cancer deaths could be prevented by avoiding risk factors such as: tobacco, overweight / obesity, insufficient diet, physical inactivity, alcohol, sexually transmitted infections and air pollution. Not all environmental causes are controllable, such as natural background radiation and cancers caused by hereditary genetic disorders and, therefore, can not be prevented through personal behavior.

Possibly Related Threads...
Thread		Author	Replies	Views	Last Post
	Household wiring project file		0	3,303	17-01-2021, 11:00 AM Last Post:
	File		0	4,562	11-08-2020, 10:12 AM Last Post:
	Anchoring script for farewell to class 10 in nepali		0	14,478	21-02-2020, 05:13 AM Last Post:
	bst project class 12 on marketing management on m		0	1,043	02-11-2019, 03:04 PM Last Post:
	project on marketing management for class 12 on mobile phones		3	2,711	20-12-2018, 12:22 AM Last Post:
	class 12 business studies project on marketing management pdf on mobile phones		3	3,595	20-12-2018, 12:16 AM Last Post:
	biology project for class 12 for cbse on dna		1	1,073	14-12-2018, 12:08 AM Last Post: Mohd Kafeel
	project on marketing management for class 12 on handbags		0	1,675	11-11-2018, 11:04 AM Last Post: Guest
	fire alarm project for class xii pdf		0	1,187	31-10-2018, 08:37 PM Last Post: Guest
	project for nand gate class 12		0	692	28-10-2018, 07:57 AM Last Post: Guest

Important Note..!

ASK HERE