biogas project report pdf
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biogas project report pdf
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Biogas typically refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Its liquid equivalents include biodiesel and biogasoline. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural wastes, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste. Biogas is a renewable energy source and in many cases exerts a very small carbon footprint.


Biogas can be produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic organisms, which digest the material inside a closed system, or the fermentation of biodegradable materials. Biogas is mainly methane and carbon dioxide and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulfide, moisture and siloxanes. The gases methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be burned or oxidized with oxygen. This release of energy allows the biogas to be used as fuel; It can be used for any heating purpose such as cooking. It can also be used in a gas engine to convert energy into gas into electricity and heat.

Biogas can be compressed, in the same way that natural gas is compressed to CNG, and is used to power motor vehicles. In the United Kingdom, for example, it is estimated that biogas has the potential to replace about 17% of vehicle fuel. It qualifies for renewable energy subsidies in some parts of the world. Biogas can be cleaned and upgraded to natural gas standards, when converted to bio-methane. Biogas is considered a renewable resource because its cycle of production and use is continuous and does not generate net carbon dioxide. The organic material grows, is converted and is used and then resumes in a continuously repetitive cycle. From a carbon perspective, both carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere in the growth of the primary bio-resource as it is released when the material is finally converted into energy.

Production

Biogas is produced as landfill gas (LFG), which is produced by the decomposition of biodegradable waste within a landfill due to chemical reactions and microbes, or as digested gas, produced within an anaerobic digester. A biogas plant is the name often given to an anaerobic digester that treats agricultural waste or energy crops. It can be produced with anaerobic digesters (hermetic tanks with different configurations). These plants can be fed with energy crops such as corn silage or biodegradable waste including sewage sludge and food residues. During the process, the microorganisms transform biomass residues into biogas (mainly methane and carbon dioxide) and digestate. Biogas is a renewable energy that can be used for heating, electricity and many other operations using an alternative internal combustion engine, such as GE Jenbacher or Caterpillar gas engines. Other internal combustion engines such as gas turbines are suitable for the conversion of biogas into electricity and heat. The digestate is the remaining inorganic matter that was not transformed into biogas. It can be used as agricultural fertilizer.

There are two key processes: mesophilic and thermophilic digestion that depends on temperature. In an experimental work at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, a 1000-liter digester using psychrophils harvested from "frozen lake mud in Alaska" has produced 200-300 liters of methane per day, about 20-30% Digesters in warmer climates.
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