The World Energy Consumption rate is increasing at an alarming rate leading to an unbalanced energy management. We depend mainly on the non-renewable resources, for our power, which are soon getting depleted. While there is no sign that this growth in demand will abate particularly amongst the developing nations, there is now an awareness of the transience of non-renewable resources and the irreversible damage caused to the environment. The fast growing technology demands from us, small, light power sources that are able to sustain operation over a long period of time.

Extending the life span of batteries and thus miniaturization of equipments will benefit more in the bio-engineering field. The problem of supplying energy to the implanted medical devices is extremely challenging even though continuous efforts of research and studies have led to the miniaturization of batteries used. There also exist the problem of need of a surgical intervention after a fixed a period of time once these devices are planted. The advances in medical sciences are leading to an increasing number of implantable electrically operated devices.

These are areas where biofuel cells turn to a blessing. The original concept of biofuel cell was derived from the normal working of human body. Biological cells use enzymes to break down glucose in order to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which acts as a potential energy store for a wide variety of metabolic and cellular processes. Biofuel cells try to imitate this ability of cells to generate energy from glucose.