please send me the seminar report on the topic "bioartificial liver" , a biotechnology seminar topic (from a big list of biotechnology seminar )

A bioartificial liver system is described that incorporates a cell reservoir and hepatocyte spheroids to both increase the number of and longevity of cells in the system.spheroid aggregates are formed from isolated hepatocytes using a method described here.
SUMMARY
The invention provides a bioartificial liver system with an increased number of hepatocytes and the ability to maintain normal liver metabolism during continuous operation due to which systems of the invention can improve the efficiency of exvivo liver assistance provided to a patient experiencing liver failure. the longevity and activity of the hepatocytes are improved as a reslult of the use of spheroids in systems. a system for treating a biological fluid (e.g., blood or plasma) from a mammal is included.
The main parts are:
a) a bioreactor that includes a selectively permeable barrier separating a fluid treatment compartment anda cell compartment;
b) a cell reservoir in fluid communication with the cell compartment of the bioreactor
c) a rocking device in contact with the cell reservoir to induce motion in fluid contained in the cell reservoir.
an access port that provides access to the cell reservoir can also be included. pumps for circulating a cell fluid through the cell compartment and the cell reservoir, ultrafiltration cartridge in fluid communication with the cell compartment eyc can also be the additions. The bioreactor further can include a biological fluid inlet and a biological fluid outlet, for communication between the fluid treatment compartment and the bloodstream of the mammal. The method of forming spheroid aggregates includes providing a reservoir having a plurality of hepatocytes in a cell medium; and rocking the plurality of hepatocytes at a frequency and for a durationsufficient for spheroid aggregates to form.

Clinical status of BAL devices
In many BAl devices under use, hollow fiber technology is used to
separate cellular and perfusion compartments and to
provide a basic scaffold for hepatocyte attachment.For example, the HepatAssist from
Circe Biomedical, integrates cyropreserved porcine
hepatocytes on collagen-coated microcarriers in their
cartridge as well as a charcoal column in the perfusion
circuit for removal of adsorbants. Specific
concerns of immune reaction, xenozoonosis, and tumorgenicity
have been successfully addressed to gain
regulatory approval for introduction to the clinic.

full report:
[attachment=2605]

Also visit this page link for more info:
http://patentstorm.us/patents/7160719/fulltext.html

Presented by:
Susana Candia
Jahi Gist
Hashim Mehter
Priya Sateesha
Roxanne Wadia

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The BioArtificial Liver
Biology of the Liver
What does the Liver do?
Why would someone need a BioArtificial Liver?
Liver Transplantation Now
What does a BioArtificial Liver need to do?
Cellular components must be purified and every component in it must be clearly identified.
The cellular preparation must be clearly shown to not transmit any infectious diseases of any kind.
The cellular component must stay viable and active
The synthetic component must be fully biocompatible, integrity of the material and parts must also be demonstrated
The device must be able to introduce the therapeutic and regulatory molecules that a healthy liver provides, and it must also filter substances from the blood the way that the normal liver does.
Must be immunocompatible.
Blood must perfuse properly through system
Enabling Technologies
Hemodialysis/hemofiltration hollow fibers- controlled interaction of cells and circulating fluids
Maintenance and creation of a cell line
Immortalizing cells
Encapsulation-envelopment of hepatocytes in a polymeric matrix.
Microcarriers- polymeric particles containing cells
Works in Progress: Points to Consider
Bioreactor designs/Membrane configurations
Cellular vs. Acellular system
Porcine vs. Human hepatocytes
Point in Development
Liver Dialysis Unit
FDA approved in 1994
Plate dialyzer with blood on one side, dialysate is a mixture of sorbents, activated charcoal being the essential component.
For a substance to be removed, must be dialyzable and able to bind to charcoal.
“Bridge to recovery” for treat acute hepatic encephalopathy and overdoses of drugs
Post-market trials have shown the LDU to be effective in improving physiological and neurological status.
MARS®
Limited to investigational use in US.
Hollow fiber membrane hemodialyzer.
Blood on one side, human albumin on other.
Albumin recycled through circuit containing another dialyzer and carbon and anion exchanger adsorption columns.
Removes both water-soluble and protein bound substances
Keep valuable proteins 
Trial have found it safe and associated with clinical improvement
ELAD®
Uses cultured human hepatocytes express normal liver-specific metabolic pathways. hollow fiber dialyzer.
Dialyzer cartridge connected to continuous hemodialysis machines, like those used for renal therapy.
Blood separated into a cellular component and a plasma component.
Plasma through dialyzer, hepatocytes on outside of hollow fibers.
Currently involved in a phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficiency.
BLSS
Extracorporeal hemofiltration hollow fiber membrane bioreactor with 100 grams of primary porcine hepatocytes
Whole blood is filtered
Contains blood pump, heat exchanger, oxygenator to control oxygenation and pH, and hollow fiber bioreactor
Currently undergoing phase I/II clinical trials
Patients show some improvement
HepAssist 2000 System
Four components: a hollow fiber bioreactor containing porcine hepatocytes, two charcoal filters, a membrane oxygenator, and a pump.
Must be used in conjunction with a commercially available plasma separation machine
Blood separated; plasma processed through charcoal filters to remove particulates, bacteria, then enters bioreactor
Hepatocytes must be heated and oxygenated
FDA mandated full Phase III trials
LIVERx2000
Hollow fiber cartridge
Primary porcine hepatocytes suspended in a cold collagen solution and injected inside fibers
Blood circulates outside the hollow fibers
Designed to treat both acute and chronic liver failure
Phase I/II clinical trials are underway to test the safety of efficacy of this device
Anyone treated with the LIVERx2000 will be monitored for PERV
MELS
Parallel plate design
Human hepatocytes attached to semipermeable membranes on parallel plate
Plasma separator, then plasma passes into the bioreactor
In the bioreactor, the plasma flows over the semipermeable membrane where the hepatocytes are adhered.
Current trials in Europe show promise
Demographics and Cost
Market for liver support is estimated to be substantial: $700 million in the United States and $1.4 billion worldwide.
Liver transplants have more than doubled in the past ten years, with the transplant waitlist growing in a similar fashion
Current and Future Challenges
GOAL: To produce a fully implantable bioartificial liver.