BEOWULF CLUSTER
#1

BEOWULF CLUSTER
Abstract:
It's a kind of high-performance massively parallel computer built primarily out of commodity hardware components, running a free-software operating system like Linux or Free BSD, interconnected by a private high-speed network. Basically, the Beowulf architecture is a multi-computer architecture that is used for parallel computation applications. Therefore, Beowulf clusters are primarily meant only for processor-intensive and number-crunching applications and definitely not for storage applications. Primarily, a Beowulf cluster consists of a server computer that controls the functioning of many client nodes that are connected together with Ethernet or any other network comprising of a network of switches or hubs. One good feature of Beowulf is that all the system's components are available from off-the-shelf component and there is no special hardware that is required to implement it. It also uses commodity software - most often Linux - and other commonly available components like Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) and Messaging Passing Interface (MPI).Besides serving all the client nodes in the Beowulf cluster, the server node also acts as a gateway to external users and passes files to the Beowulf system. The server is also used to drive the console of the system from where the various parameters and configuration can be monitored. In some cases, especially in very large Beowulf configurations, there is sometimes more than one server node with other specialized nodes that perform tasks like monitoring stations and additional consoles. In disk-less configurations, very often, the individual client nodes do not even know their own addresses until the server node informs them

INTRODUCTION
A cluster is a type of parallel or distributed processing system, which consists of a collection of interconnected stand-alone computers cooperatively working together as a single, integrated computing resource. This cluster of between themselves and the actual binding together of the all the individual computers in the cluster is performed by the operating system and the software used. Motivation for Clustering High cost of 'traditional' High computers shares common network characteristics like the same namespace and it is available to other computers on the network as a single resource. These computers are linked together using high-speed network interfaces Performance Computing. Clustering using Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) is way cheaper than buying specialized machines for computing. Cluster computing has emerged as a result of the convergence of several trends, including the availability of inexpensive high performance microprocessors and high-speed networks, and the development of standard software tools for high performance distributed computing. Increased need for High Performance Computing As processing power becomes available, applications which require enormous amount of processing, like weather modeling are becoming more common place requiring the high performance computing provided by Clusters.
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#2
pls sent me the full reprt and ppt of beowulf cluster
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#3
a related thread is here:

http://studentbank.in/report-cluster-com...ull-report
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#4
please give me complete report on beowulf cluster
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please reply me
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#5
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INTRODUCTION
Any group of machines dedicated to a single purpose can be called a cluster. Beowulf is a multi-computer architecture which can be used for parallel computations, server consolidation or computer room management. A Beowulf cluster is a computer system conforming to the Beowulf architecture, which consists of one master node and multiple compute nodes, Originally developed by Thomas Sterling and Donald Becker at NASA. A Beowulf cluster is a group of usually identical servers running a FOSS (Free & Open Source Software) Unix-like operating system, such as Linux. They are networked into a small TCP/IP LAN, and have libraries and programs installed which allow processing to be shared among themBeowulf systems are now deployed worldwide, chiefly in support of scientific computing. They are high-performance parallel computing clusters of inexpensive personal computer hardware. The name comes from the main character in the Old English poem Beowulf.
A Beowulf cluster is a group of what are normally identical, commercially available computers, which are running a Free and Open Source Software (FOSS), Unix-like operating system, such as BSD, GNU/Linux, or Solaris. They are networked into a small TCP/IP LAN, and have libraries and programs installed which allow processing to be shared among them.
There is no particular piece of software that defines a cluster as a Beowulf. Commonly used parallel processing libraries include Message Passing Interface (MPI) and Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM). Both of these permit the programmer to divide a task among a group of networked computers, and collect the results of processing. Examples of MPI software include Open MPI or MPICH
PARALLEL COMPUTATION
A beowulf cluster is capable of many things that are applicable in areas ranging from data mining to research in physics and chemistry, all the way to the movie industry. Essentially anything that can perform several semi jobs concurrently can benefit from running on a Beowulf Cluster. There are two classes of these parallel programs.
Embarrassingly Parallel Computation
A Beowulf cluster is best suited for "embarrassingly parallel" tasks. In other words, those tasks that require very little communication between nodes to complete, so that adding more nodes results in a near-linear increase in computation with little extra synchonization work. Embarrassingly parallel programs may also be known as linearly scalable. Essentially, you get a linear performance increase for each additional machine with no sign of diminishing returns.
Genetic Algorithms are one example of a application of embarrassingly parallel computation, since each added node can simply act as another "island" on which to evaluate fitness of a population. Rendering an animation sequence is another, because each node can be given an individual image, or even sections of an image to render quite easily even using standard programs like POVRAY.
Explicitly Parallel Computation
Explicitly parallel programs, ie, programs that have explicitly coded parallel sections of their code that can run independently. These differ from fully parallelizable programs in that they contain one or more interdependant serial or atomic components that must be synchronized across all instances of the parallel application. This synchonization is usually done through libraries such as MPI, PVM, or even extended versions of POSIX threads and System V shared memory.
TYPES OF BEOWULF CLUSTERS
There are several ways to design a Beowulf. Based on
• Network
• Hardware
• Software configuration
Classification by Network Architecture
• Net Type I - Single External Node
In this configuration, there is basically one single entry point to the cluster, i.e., one monitor and keyboard, and one external IP address. The rest of the cluster is usually then behind a normal IP masqed setup. Users are usually then encouraged to login only to the main node.
● Net Type II – Multinode / Non-dedicated
In this configuration all nodes are equivalent from a network standpoint. They all have external IP addresses, and usually all have keyboards and monitors. Usually this configuration is chosen so that nodes can also double as desktop workstations, and thus have external IP addresses in their own right.
Classification by System Architecture
• Arch Type I - Local Synchronized disk
In this configuration, all nodes have local disks. In addition, these disks are kept in sync nightly by an rsync job that updates pretty much everything. In this configuration, extra scratch space and /home can be optionally NFS mounted across all clusters.
• Arch Type II - Local Non-synchronized disk
In this configuration, all nodes have local disk, but they are not kept in sync. This is most useful for disk-independant embarrassingly parallel setups that merely do number crunching, and no disk-based synchronization.
• Arch Type III - NFS root
This configuration is most useful for those who wish to save money on disks for all nodes, and wish to avoid the headaches of having to keep a few dozen to a few hundred disks in sync. This option is actually quite a reasonable choice, especially for programs that need some disk synchronization, but aren't otherwise disk-bound.
Classification by Synchronization Software
• Soft Type I - Batch System
Basically a batch system is one where user can just send it a job, and it does it. Usually only one job is run at a time, and job scheduling is left to the programmer/job runner. Sometimes a queue or at least a launching script is provided through some simple bash scripts, otherwise remote processes are launched manually one at a time on each node. Needless to say, this is the easiest software type to set up, and also the least overhead.
• Soft Type II - Preemptive Scheduler/ Migrator
This class contains systems that automatically schedule and migrate processes based on cluster status. This kind of setup really is geared more towards those who just want to set up a cluster for a general mass-login system, rather than those who want to do distributed programming. The two software packages available that provide this ability are Condor and Mosix. Condor isn't officially Open Source yet, and Mosix seems far more full featured for this purpose. In fact, Mosix allows user to even build a NetType II/ArchType II style cluster and still use each node for cluster jobs. In addition, Condor places a lot of limitations on the types of jobs that can be run across the entire cluster, where as Mosix is meant to be entirely transparent.
• Soft Type III - Fine Grained Control
In fine grained control , where individual programs themselves control the synchronization, load balancing, etc. Often times these jobs are launched through a SoftType I method, and then syncronized using one of the standardized source-level libraries already available. These include the industry standard MPI and PVM.
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to get information about the topic "beowulf cluster" full report ppt and related topic refer the page link bellow

http://studentbank.in/report-beowulf-cluster?pid=39878

http://studentbank.in/report-beowulf-cluster
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