PRESENTED BY-
PRASHANT KAUSHAL

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BATTERIES THAT CHARGES ON AIR
INTRODUCTION
 Lithium-ion batteries power most of the mobile devices like:
 Laptops
 Cell phones
 Portable Playstation.
Merits of li-ion
 lithium is the lightest of all metals, has the greatest electrochemical potential and provides the largest energy density for weight.
 Because of the inherent instability of lithium metal, especially during charging, research shifted to a non-metallic lithium battery using lithium ions.
 The energy density of lithium-ion is typically twice that of the standard nickel-cadmium.
 Lithium-ion is a low maintenance battery, The high cell voltage of 3.6 volts allows battery pack designs with only one cell.
 lithium-ion cells cause little harm when disposed.
Demerits of Li-ion
 It is fragile and requires a protection circuit to maintain safe operation.
 Subject to aging, even if not in use - storage in a cool place at 40% charge reduces the aging effect.
 Lithium ion batteries are energy limited.
Li-air batteries
Arthur Dobley, metal air battery scientist, explains “Li-air batteries breathe oxygen from the air, and allow it to react with the Li metal anode. These are constructed in layers, like a sandwich, of the lithium metal anode, separator with electrolyte and then the air cathode . the air cathode is the critical part, and that is where oxygen enters to cells and reacts.”
 PROF. Peter J. Hall explains:
“The capacity of Li-air batteries is 10-20 times greater than traditional Li-ion batteries. These will also be considerably cheaper as they contain very little heavy metal content”.
 These are environment friendly.
 Lithium content in them can be recycled.
 Li-air battery is very lighter than Li-ion battery.
construction
 The anode, separator, electrolyte and carbon air cathodes are sealed inside the metallised plastic packets.
 For experimental purpose, a pouch cell is used, which contains an air cathode inside the Li-air cells.
ANODE:
 Anode is composed of a lithium metal foil.
 Its is pressed into a nickel mesh current collector.
 The area of anode is slightly larger than the cathode by 10 cm-sq.
SEPARATOR & ELECTROLYTE:
 Setela, an organic polymer, is used as the separator and the liquid electrolyte used is ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate.
CATHODE:
 cathode composite carbon, a metal catalyst and a binder deposited on metal collector.
 The binder is Teflon combined with latex and the metal current collector is nickel.
 On both sides of metal current collector, two layers of carbon, binder and catalyst mixtures are deposited.
 A thin Teflon film between the air cathode and the atmosphere repels atmospheric water but allows oxygen diffusion.
THE FUTURE
 So far so good but what is future of Li-ion batteries.
 The future of Li-air is continued development of components such as anode, electrolyte, separator and air cathode.
 Efforts to increase the number of cycles available as well as reduce packaging size are on the road map to a viable Li-air system.
On a brief note
 Characteristics
 Capacity
 Weight
 Cost
 Lithium-air battery
 Ten times more capacity than Li-ion batteries.
 Lighter than Li-ion and other cells, as the cathode is oxygen.
 Less, because of use of Li and cathode of its oxygen which is absorbed from air.

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