Presented By...
Dipak Kumar Samal

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Introduction
 The integration of heterogeneous networks is a trend of Fourth Generation (4G) systems. But with more integrating network technologies, bandwidth management is more complicated.
 This paper proposes a bandwidth management method, called Bandwidth Management and Disposition (BMD).
 The BMD calculates the Reword Point (RP) to quantify the Mobile Host's (MH) requests, and calculates the Upgrade Order (UO) or Degrade Order (DO) to quantify the upgraded or downgraded sequence of bandwidth, respectively
 In the future, when a new service type or network technology is created, the proposed system functions also can be directly applied.
Existed Method
 Many interworking architectures have been
proposed to integrate heterogeneous networks, and
many researchers have shifted their attention to the
issue of resource management for heterogeneous
Networks.
 Three different tactics for allocation
bandwidth in heterogeneous networks.
 Auction Mechanism
 Resource Management for QoS Support
 Optimizing Resources Allocation by
Filtering Operations and QoS Class
Auction Mechanism
 To create highly efficient resource utilization,
Sallent et al presented a resource auction
mechanism, Joint Radio Resource Management
(JRRM) and spectrum auction
 They creates a more efficient use of the available radio resources in heterogeneous wireless access networks
 The scenarios offer services to the user over an efficient and ubiquitous radio access by means of
coordinating the available Radio Access Technologies (RATs).
Auction Mechanism
Auction Mechanism
 Two shortcomings of this method are
Conspicuous
 The latency is increased due to the bid & comparison.
 It is obvious there are a large number of packets for bidding
Resource Management for QoS Support
 Song et al. proposed a new admission strategy for integrating voice and data services
 To properly apportion the total bandwidth between voice and data services in each network, the restricted access mechanism is used
 Voice traffic is offered preemptive priority over data traffic and occupies up to a certain amount of bandwidth to meet its strict QoS requirements
 The remaining bandwidth is dedicated to data traffic
 This method has one shortcoming, which is
that there is for much complexity as the system
considers more and more heterogeneous networks
Optimizing Resources Allocation by
Filtering Operations and QoS Class
 To optimize resource allocation, Ben Letaifa etal. proposed a media tailoring mechanism which converts a video stream into a different representation that the client is more interested in or can handle better
 The proposed approach is based on selection of the downloading bit-rate for each type of traffic flow which can be time-dependant, according to the dynamics of the link's traffic loads and users' requests.
 This mechanism provides a media adaptation for filtering between communication partners to tailor media streams to
the network and end-systems capabilities
Optimizing Resources Allocation by
Filtering Operations and QoS Class
 depicts only the one-way communication from the media servers to the mobile end-users (downstream).
 The filters are installed at the output ports of every router and server, as well as the radio network controllers Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) in the wireless network.
Optimizing Resources Allocation by
Filtering Operations and QoS Class
There are two shortcomings to this method
 The first is that the service provider must set up the router with a filter, which is an extra cost
 The second is the system needs to choose the best type of compressed video stream from the source to the terminal. However, the path from source to terminal usually has multiple hops, so some extraneous overheads are needed to calculate the best filtering video stream.
Bandwidth Management andDisposition
 To improve the efficiency of bandwidth allocation, we designed a bandwidth management method called Bandwidth Management and Disposition (BMD).
 In this solution, we calculate the Reword Point (RP) to quantify the MH requests, and calculate the Upgraded Rank (UR) or Downgraded Rank (DR) to quantify the upgraded
or downgraded sequence of bandwidth respectively
Bandwidth Management andDisposition
Reword Point
 We argue that the Reword Point (RP) is composed of the following metric attributes: profit of bandwidth per bit for this service ©, MH’s velocity (V), transmissible rate of per request ®, priority of per request (P), network condition (N), QoS requirement (Q) and others (O).
 The RP could be measured via a function (1):
RP= f ( C, V, R, P, N, Q, O)
= aC + bV + cR + dP + eN + fQ + gO (1)
where a, b, c, d, e, f, g are nonnegative real numbers describing the extent of a particular metric and it is assumed that
a, b, c, d, e, f, g >=0
The RP represents the level of gainable revenue for the service provider.
Bandwidth Management andDisposition
Upgrade and Downgrade Rank
We argue that the UR or DR is a composition of the following metric attributes: increased profit (U), which increases bandwidth when starting upgrade or reduced profit (D) that gets the bandwidth back when starting downgrade; MH’s velocity (V); transmissible rate of per request ®; priority of per request (P); network condition (N); QoS requirement (Q); and others (O). The UR and DR could be measured via function (2) and (3), respectively:
UR= f ( U, R, P, N, Q, O)
=hU + cR + dP + eN + fQ + gO (2)
DR= f ( D, R, P, N, Q, O)
=hD + cR + dP + eN + fQ + gO (3)
where h, b, c, d, e, f, g are nonnegative real numbers describing the extent of the particular metric and it is assumed that
h, b, c, d, e, f, g >= 0.
Bandwidth Management andDisposition
The procedure of BMD
The BMD can be divided into two parts
 One is that an MH proposes a requirement bandwidth and the system does not have enough bandwidth;
 The other is that an MH releases its occupied bandwidth when it has finished its transmission
Bandwidth Management andDisposition
The procedure of BMD
Bandwidth Management andDisposition
The procedure of BMD
Bandwidth Management andDisposition
 Analysis
 This section compares our proposed mechanism with Auction, QoS support and filtering mechanism.
 We analyze the various factors such as latency, overhead expansibility, extra support an QoS flexibility.
Simulation
Simulation Parameters
For simplicity, we assume that all MNs have the same velocity and the conditions of all BSs are not different. The all parameters are as follows.
Formula:- RP= R+R/P+ R/Q
UO=DO=1/P+Q/P