avr microcontroller summer training report download pdf
#1

I am savita verma.I want detail of AVR for my project.
I studies in babu bnarasi daas univercity.I am student till now.
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#2
An AVR microcontroller is a type of device manufactured by Atmel, which has particular benefits over other common chips, but first what is a microcontroller?

The easiest way of thinking about it is to compare a microcontroller with your PC, which has a motherboard in it. On that motherboard is a microprocessor (Intel, AMD chips) that provides the intelligence, RAM and EEPROM memories and interfaces to rest of system, like serial ports (mostly USB ports now), disk drives and display interfaces. A microcontroller has all or most of these features built-in to a single chip, so it doesn’t need a motherboard and many components, LEDs for example, can be connected directly to the AVR. If you tried this with a microprocessor, bang!


AVR microntrollers come in different packages,some designed for through-hole mounting and some surface mount. AVRs are available with 8-pins to 100-pins, although anything 64-pin or over is surface mount only. Most people start with a DIL (Dual In Line) 28-pin chip like the ATmega328 or the 40-pin ATmega16 or ATmega32.

ATmega16 and ATmega328 AVR Microcontrollers

PC microprocessors are always at least 32-bit and commonly now 64-bit. This means that they can process data in 32-bit or 64-bit chunks as they are connected to data buses this wide. The AVR is much simpler and deals with data in 8-bit chunks as its data bus is 8-bit wide, although there is now an AVR32 with 32-bit bus.

A PC has an operating system (Windows or Linux) and this runs programs, such as Word or Internet Explorer or Chrome that do specific things. An 8-bit microcontroller like the AVR doesn’t usually have an operating system, although it could run a simple one if required, and instead it just runs a single program.

Just as your PC would be useless if you didn’t install any programs, an AVR must have a program installed to be any use. This program is stored in memory built-in to the AVR, not on an external disk drive like a PC. Loading this program into the AVR is done with an AVR programmer, usually when the AVR is in a circuit or system, hence AVR ISP or AVR In System Programmer.

AVR ISP for AVR Microcontroller Programming

AVRISP AVR Programmer for AVR Microcontrollers

So what is a program? A program is a series of instructions, each very simple, that fetch and manipulate data. In most applications where you would use an AVR, such as a washing machine controller for example, this means reading inputs, checking their state and switching on outputs accordingly. Sometimes you may need to modify or manipulate the data, or transmit it to another device, such as an LCD or serial port. A series of simple binary instructions are used to do these basic tasks and each one has an equivalent assembly language instruction that humans can understand. The most basic way of writing a program for an AVR is to use assembly language (although you could write binary numbers if you want to be pedantic).

Using assembly language allows you to understand far more about the operation of the AVR and how it is put together. It is also produces very small and fast code. The disadvantage is that you as the programmer have to do everything, including memory management and program structure, which can get very tedious.

To avoid this, high level languages are increasingly being used to write programs for the AVR, C in particular but also Basic and Java derivatives. High level means that each line of C (or Basic or Java) code can translate into many lines of assembly language. The compiler also deals with the program structure and memory management so it is much easier. Commonly used routines, such as delays or maths, can also be stored in libraries and reused very easily.

In my opinion, writing AVR programs in C is like driving a car. Yes you can do it very easily but if something goes wrong you haven’t got a clue how to fix it and you can’t deal with tricky situations like icy roads. Starting with assembly language and writing some simple programs lets you understand what is going on “under the hood” so you know how it works and can get the most out of it. Then swap to C by all means but at least you know how the AVR fits together and its limitations.
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#3

Abstract
This report describes the summer training experience in the Center
Institute of communication and computer research-KFUPM. I worked in
USAD 1 two students with a team of this project is to design the control unit
User command to send a four-wheels motorcycle and a control station installed
Robot warrior. In addition, we setup a wireless network to connect to the control
Control unit with requires software that station and we also design
Digital devices need to work properly. In this report I will describe all
Project work and work done on those components. In addition, I perform some of the
Software that I develop in this project.
Introduction
In this report I designed and implemented would explain to its role in
Controlled vehicle for security applications. Me and Mr. little worked in the team
Mohammed El-Marouf who is a student in Systems Engineering Department at KFUPM.
We communicate with the Center and worked in computer research (CCCR)
KFUPM-Research Institute. We started our work in 2008 5th July and ends
27th August 2008 after eight weeks in summer training.
Our summer training, we Dr Mansoor Al-Dajani has worked under the supervision of
Director of the Center in which we work. In addition, Dr. Mustafa
ElShafiai and Dr Abdul Hafid Bouharaoua advice, direction and monitoring through us
The entire training period; And they USAD attended our final demo project 1
25th August 2008.
1. WORK PLACE
The summer training program was at KFUPM and specifically at the Center of
Communications and Computer Research (CCCR) - Research Institute. The research
institute (RI) plays an important role in the field of research and development at
KFUPM. The RI's projects benefit both the kingdom's private and public sectors. At the
same time, it has responded effectively to provide new research and technical
services as the needs have arisen. The RI is divided into six main centers as the
following:
• Center of Communications & Computer Research (CCCR).
• Center of Economics & Management (CEMS).
• Center of Environment & Water (CEW).
• Center of Engineering Research (CER).
• Center of Petroleum & Minerals (CPM).
• Center of Refining & Petrochemicals (CRP).
2. ACCOMPLISHED WORK
When we start working in the smart systems laboratory at Center of
Communications and Computer Research, we was asked to finish all required things
that are needed for the USAD 1 project to work properly; by designing and
implementing and testing any software and hardware that required for the project. In
addition we were responsible to coordinate the work of other departments on some
parts of the project.
The USAD 1 project is divided into two main systems. We can name first system as
the robotic warrior system (the vehicle), and the second system as the control station.
The main components of the robotic warrior system is a four wheels motorbike, PC
works as server, wireless router, microcontroller circuit, actuators and power suppliers.
For the control station, the main components are PC works as client, steering wheel
with its pedals and joystick. The following figure will illustrate the idea of the project:
3. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
There are several problems and challenges we face during the project period.
Some of these problems are:
• Problem: Inability to communicate with the Rabbit microcontroller (which we
were using it before PIC microcontroller) due to connectivity problem in the
connector cable and this cable is not available in the local market.
• Solution: This problem was solved by using PIC 18F microcontroller that is
available in the System Engineering Department and we also agree that the
Rabbit microcontroller which we have is not suitable for this project.
• Problem: Insufficient number and the short period of PWM channels in the
PIC 18F microcontroller.
• Solution: To solve the problem of the short period of the PIC 18F we created
three programmed PWM channels for controlling the tow servo motors and
the steering motor. However, the programmed PWM channel is so accurate
especially with big programs. To decrease the affects of this problem we
used two PIC 18F microcontrollers. One of these microcontrollers, which is the
slave one, was dedicated for controlling the two servo motors and the
steering motors only, and the other one, which is the master one, for
performing the rests tasks.
• Problem: Inability to Connect the PIC Microcontroller directly to the Wireless
Router.
Conclusion
At the end of the period in our training we were finished. We have presented and
Training in the last day of our work made a demo. That is why demo showed that we
Did all the tasks successfully. In General, in this project we try to reach
We can do as highest quality, while we maintain a low-cost and less time.
All of our work by completing the first phase of the project, USAD has been
Is completed. The second phase of the project which will start from USAD 2
Of our work and will take our comments and suggestions into account in the basis.
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