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Project Abstract

Due to the wide variety characteristics of the induction motor, it plays the premier role in the industrial sector. Some of those are self starting, rugged construction, high efficiency, good power factor and ease of control, etc. Squirrel cage type of induction motors are mostly used widely than the other types.

When the motor is at idle, it just look like short circuited transformer at secondary side because all the rotor bars are connected together to form a closed path. This will turn a large current flow through the rotor bars. So when the motor is started, stator draws the high current which is 8-10 times that of the motor rated current. Before staring the motor, it is necessary reduce the voltage applied to the motor.

The project is designed to provide low voltage start to induction motors. This is achieved by using star to delta conversion. Star/Delta starters are probably the most common reduced voltage starters in the 50Hz industrial motor world. Star delta is used in an attempt to reduce the start current applied to the motor then after sometime full load current is applied to the motor. Since in star connection current is same in different phases while line voltage is the root three times the phase voltage. So the voltage is reduced (results to reduce current) if motor is started as star. And also in delta connection the voltage is same as that of phase voltage so full voltage is applied if we run the motor as delta connection. The Star/Delta starter is generally obtained from three contractors; electromechanical timer and a thermal overload for operating a 3 phase motor at 440 volt at ac mains supply 50 Hz. The interlocking arrangement of all the contactor coils is traditionally wired in 440 volt AC.

CIRCUIT EXPLANATION:

Star – Delta starter generally comprises of contactors and an adjustable timer to enable starting of the induction motor in star mode and then switchover to delta mode after the preset time so decided by the timer. The project uses three step-down transformers the primary of which are connected in star mode while their secondary develop filtered dc after passing through respective bridge rectifiers & filter capacitors out of the three such dc derived one dc is used for a timer circuit built around a 555 timer wired in astable mode but operating in monostable mode. Two other dc supplies operate the two relays. These two are connected in series with the third relay coil. Mains of the three phases are connected to the third relay. Star to delta conversion is taken care by fourth relay. This fourth relay is operated by the timer. Single phasing meaning any one or two phases Y & B missing bring either relay – 1 or relay - 2 to off condition that results in relay – 3 to switch Off.

At starting due to the connection of the fourth relay in star the motor is started as star connection. After the time elapsed by the timer operates the fourth relay coil so the relay is switched to the delta mode. It also gives the indication in which mode the motor is operating by LED.

FUTURE SCOPE:

Compared to the reduced voltage methods it is the simple and cheapest way of starting the motor. But it takes large in rush currents during switching operation. Further the project can be enhanced by using a thyristors in firing angle control principle for soft start of the induction motor that would overcome all the drawbacks of star delta starter.

CONCLUSION:

This type of starting is used for low to medium voltage and light starting torque motors. It is the cheapest way to reduce the starting current and it is in the order of 3-4 times that in case of direct online starting of induction motor. It can be easily implemented by the relays and the timer circuit. The way of connecting the relays also prevents the motor from the single phasing.

Star or Delta starters are probably the most common reduced voltage starters in the50 Hz industrial motor world (known as Wye / Delta starters) in the 60Hz, in USA.They are used in an attempt to reduce the starting current applied to the motor during start as a means of reducing the disturbances and interference on the electrical supply besides limiting the starting current.

The Star/Delta starter is generally manufactured using three contactors, an Electromechanical timer and a thermal overload for operating a 3-phase motor at 440 volt at AC mains supply of 50 Hz. The interlocking arrangement of all the contactor coils is traditionally wired in 440 volt AC. However, in our project we have taken up the same to Operate a 3-phase motor at 440 volt AC mains supply 50 Hz with a set of 12 volt DC relays,an electronically adjustable timer and a set of miniature circuit breakers. The interlocking arrangement of the relay coils and the electronic timer are all wired in low-voltage DC of 12 Volt fed from an in-built DC power supply for safe handling of the starter during the study,still retaining its application for a 3-phase motor starting with a single phasing prevention.

The project would be expensive if it uses a 3-phase induction motor. Therefore, the project shall be tested with a set of lamps in each phase. During star operation, the lamps will glow dim indicating the supply voltage across the coils to be around 440/sqrt(3), and while in delta condition after the timer operates, the lamps will glow with full intensity indicating full supply Voltage of about 440volts across the coils. The timer comprises of a 555 in mono-stable mode – the output of which is fed to a relay for changing the mains supply from 3-phase star to delta. The project also has the provision of single phasing protection since the 3-phase motors may get burnt if any one phase goes missing during operation. The output to the lamps shall be completely cutoff in the event of any phase failure.
Furthermore, the project can be enhanced by using thyristors in a firing angle control principle for soft start of the induction motor that would overcome all the drawbacks of the star delta starter.Due to the wide variety characteristics of the induction motor, it plays the premier role in the industrial sector. Some of those are self starting, rugged construction, high efficiency, good power factor and ease of control, etc. Squirrel cage type of induction motors are mostly used widely than the other types.When the motor is at idle, it just look like short circuited transformer at secondary side because all the rotor bars are connected together to form a closed path. This will turn a large current flow through the rotor bars. So when the motor is started, stator draws the high current which is 8-10 times that of the motor rated current. Before staring the motor, it is necessary reduce the voltage applied to the motor.

The project is designed to provide low voltage start to induction motors. This is achieved by using star to delta conversion. Star/Delta starters are probably the most common reduced voltage starters in the 50Hz industrial motor world. Star delta is used in an attempt to reduce the start current applied to the motor then after sometime full load current is applied to the motor. Since in star connection current is same in different phases while line voltage is the root three times the phase voltage. So the voltage is reduced (results to reduce current) if motor is started as star. And also in delta connection the voltage is same as that of phase voltage so full voltage is applied if we run the motor as delta connection. The Star/Delta starter is generally obtained from three contractors; electromechanical timer and a thermal overload for operating a 3 phase motor at 440 volt at ac mains supply 50 Hz. The interlocking arrangement of all the contactor coils is traditionally wired in 440 volt AC.The project is designed to provide low voltage start to induction motors. This is achieved by using star to delta conversion. Star/Delta starters are probably the most common reduced voltage starters in the 50Hz industrial motor world. Star delta is used in an attempt to reduce the start current applied to the motor. Thereafter, full load current is applied to the motor.The Star/Delta starter is generally manufactured from three contactors; and electromechanical timer and a thermal overload for operating a 3 phase motor at 440 volt at ac mains supply 50 Hz.

The interlocking arrangement of all the contactor coils is traditionally wired in 440 volt AC.This project uses a system to start a 3 phase motor at 440 volt AC mains supply 50 Hz with a set of 12 volt DC relays in star mode first and then to delta mode by an electronically adjustable timer. A set of relays are used to shift the motor connections from star to delta with a time delay.The project is supplied with six lamps instead of a 3 phase motor i.e., two lamps representing each phase winding of the motor. The interlocking arrangement of the relay coils and the electronic timer are all wired in low voltage DC of 12 volt fed from an inbuilt DC power supply for safe handling of the starter during the study. It still retains its application for a 3 phase motor starting with single phasing prevention also.During star operation the lamps would glow dim indicating the supply voltage across the coils are 440/root of (3). In delta condition after the timer operates the lamps would glow with full intensity indicating full supply voltage of 440volts. The timer comprises of a 555 in mono-stable mode the output of which is fed to a relay for changing the mains supply from 3 phase star to delta.The project also has the provision of single phasing protection since 3 phase motors get burnt if any one phase goes missing during running. The output to the lamps shall be completely cut-off in the event of any phase failure. Further the project can be enhanced by using a thyristors in firing angle control principle for soft start of the induction motor that would overcome all the drawbacks of star delta starter.

Quick Overview:

The project is designed to start a 3 phase motor at 440 volt AC mains supply 50 Hz with a set of 12 volt DC relays in star mode and then to delta mode by an electronically adjustable timer. A set of relays are used to shift the motor connections from star to delta with a time delay. The project is supplied with six lamps instead of a 3 phase motor i.e., two lamps representing each pahse winding of the motor.

please i need all available literature review on star delta starters and motor control center .email is stephenemeka18[at]yahoo.com

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