sir i am doing Automatic Railway Gate Control & Track Switching as a my final year project. but i dont know how to program 8051 to control stepper motor if ir sensor detect the object, so please send full project report to my mail id sanak.mfc[at]gmail.com

for more on this topic, please go through the following thread.

http://studentbank.in/report-automatic-r...ull-report

Automatic Railway Gate Control & Track Switching


  Automatic Railway Gate Control.pdf (Size: 244.63 KB / Downloads: 10)

ABSTRACT:

Present project is designed using 8051 microcontroller to avoid railway accidents
happening at unattended railway gates, if implemented in spirit. This project
utilizes two powerful IR transmitters and two receivers; one pair of transmitter and
receiver is fixed at up side (from where the train comes) at a level higher than a
human being in exact alignment and similarly the other pair is fixed at down side
of the train direction. Sensor activation time is so adjusted by calculating the time
taken at a certain speed to cross at least one compartment of standard minimum
size of the Indian railway. We have considered 5 seconds for this project. Sensors
are fixed at 1km on both sides of the gate. We call the sensor along the train
direction as ‘foreside sensor’ and the other as ‘aft side sensor’. When foreside
receiver gets activated, the gate motor is turned on in one direction and the gate is
closed and stays closed until the train crosses the gate and reaches aft side sensors.
When aft side receiver gets activated motor turns in opposite direction and gate
opens and motor stops. Buzzer will immediately sound at the fore side receiver
activation and gate will close after 5 seconds, so giving time to drivers to clear gate
area in order to avoid trapping between the gates and stop sound after the train has
crossed.

Gate Control:

Railways being the cheapest mode of transportation are preferred over all the other
means .When we go through the daily newspapers we come across many railway
accidents occurring at unmanned railway crossings. This is mainly due to the
carelessness in manual operations or lack of workers. We, in this project has come
up with a solution for the same. Using simple electronic components we have tried
to automate the control of railway gates. As a train approaches the railway crossing
from either side, the sensors placed at a certain distance from the gate detects the
approaching train and accordingly controls the operation of the gate. Also an
indicator light has been provided to alert the motorists about the approaching train.

Track Switching

Using the same principle as that for gate control, we have developed a concept of
automatic track switching. Considering a situation wherein an express train and a
local train are travelling in opposite directions on the same track; the express train
is allowed to travel on the same track and the local train has to switch on to the
other track. Indicator lights have been provided to avoid collisions .Here the
switching operation is performed using a stepper motor. In practical purposes this
can be achieved using electromagnets.

8051 Microcontroller

The I/O ports of the 8051 are expanded by connecting it to an 8255 chip. The 8255
is programmed as a simple I/O port for connection with devices such as LEDs,
stepper motors and sensors. More details of the 8255 are given later.
The following block diagram shows the various devices connected to the different
ports of an 8255. The ports are each 8-bit and are named A, B and C. The
individual ports of the 8255 can be programmed to be input or output, and can be
changed dynamically. The control register is programmed in simple I/O mode with
port A, port B and port C (upper) as output ports and port C (lower) as an input
port.