automatic railway gate control system using pressure sensing
#1

I am Subrahmanyam955[at]gmail.com from eee. I need the embedded c program for automatic railway gates using 8051microcontrole by pressure sensor. Can please send the program to my mail id
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#2
Abstract –The railway crossing accidents are increasing day by
day due to unman railway crossings. This paper presents an
automatic control gate system to prevent rail accidents. Pressure
sensor, RFID card, Servo motor is used to control the open and
close status of the railway crossing gate. In this paper we propose
a model where pressure sensor is placed on the railway tracks,
RFID tag on the engine and the open and close status of the gate
is controlled with the help of servo motor.
This paper is presented at International Conference on Recent Trends
in Computer and information Technology Research on 25th& 26th
September (2015) conducted by B. S. Anangpuria Institute of
Technology & Management, Village-Alampur, Ballabgarh-Sohna
Road, Faridabad.
1. INTRODUCTION
According to the statistics from 2009-2015, there were about
800 railway accidents and more than 30% of these accidents
were due to unman level crossing. About 1800 people were
injured and more than 500 were dead. In mostly cases the
crashes occurred when the driver do not pay attention to the
warning devices. The main problem around railway crossing
is that the motorists drive around the crossing the gates while
they are down.So, more efforts are required for railway
crossing safety. In India over thousands of trains are running
on tracks everyday .There are many unman railway crossings
on the tracks which are susceptible to accidents. To avoid
accidents at railway crossings, automatic and independent
railway gate system comes in picture. Using simple electronic
components, we have successfully tried to automate the
control of railway gates.
2. RELATED WORK
Existing models to control the gates of the railway crossing
are:
1) IR Based Automatic Railway Gate Control System
When the gates are controlled manually, the time for which
the gate is open is less, so IR based system is proposed. This
system includes microcontroller, DC motor, IR sensor. The
sensors are installed near the crossing. When the train reaches
the crossing from either side, the sensor detects the train and
sends the signal that train has arrived. When the train arrives,
the IR transmitter senses and generates a signal; at the same
time IR receiver receives the signal and generates an interrupt
signal . The motor which is connected with the controller
moves in the clockwise direction when the interrupt signal is
generated and moves in the anticlockwise direction when the
interrupt ends.
This system has the advantage of being cheap and simple with
the disadvantage that it is slow and IR sensor gets affected by
weather conditions
2) Ultra-Wideband Radar System for Detection at Railway
Crossings.
Due to limitations of IR system, the radar system is proposed
at the crossing. In this system, beam interruption is used for
detecting objects using radar. With beam interruption, a beam
is directed towards the reflector and if the beam is interrupted
the received power is reduced .This indicates that there is any
object . Two radars are required to cover the crossing, each
having 50 degree beam width. If one radar is used, then the
gain is reduced. When the radar detects the object it activates
the alarming system. In this system we detect the vehicles at
the crossing, but not the train. This system has the
advantagethat the optical wavelengths are operated in all
weather conditions.
The disadvantages of this system include the fact that:
ISSN: 2395-5317 ©EverScience Publications 154
Journal of Network Communications and Emerging Technologies (JNCET)
Volume 5, Special Issue 2, December (2015)
jncet.org
(a) Radio frequency has harmful effect on human in a longer
run and it is less reliable.
(b) It is designed to detect the vehicles at the crossing not the
train.
3) GPS & GPRS Based Detection System
Many systems were proposed based on sensor but they were
successful up to some extend only. The main reason for the
failure of sensor based system was poor stability and less life
cycle of the sensor [3]. To avoid these problems, GPS based
system was proposed. In this system, train location is obtained
using GPS and the data is transmitted via GSM network. The
position of the train is periodically sent to the remote server
through GPS module. When the train reaches near the
crossing, the control room sends the signal for closing of the
gate. The control room gets the real time position, speed of
the train through GPS system.
This system has the advantage of being fast as compared to
sensor based system.
The disadvantages of this system are high initial cost and
dependency on GSM network congestion.
4) Video-Analysis Based Railway Road Safety System
In this system, video camera is installed at the crossing. The
basic frame work is of image processing based railway
crossing surveillance. It will send the pictures of the crossing
to the locomotive drivers. The risk path is defined in this
system. The image taken by the video camera is compared
with the reference image, if there is object detected at the
risky path then it will alert the train driver [4].To obtain
separated objects, this method consist the clustering of
moving pixels by comparing specific energy vectors
associated to the each target and each moving pixel.
This system has the advantage of being fast and simple with
the disadvantage that this is less reliable.
5) An Inductive loop automatic railway gate crossing system
In this system the inductive loops are buried under the
pavement. When the magnetic material comes near, the
impedance changes. In this, we use electromagnetic theory.
The two coils are placed on both side of the track. When the
train passes through the coils, the medium between the cores
is changed and the induced voltage also gets changed. This
change is now amplified using the amplifier and then
compared using the comparator. This gives us the idea
whether there is a train on the particular track or not. The flipflop
is used for giving a steady state signal once the train
passes from the track circuit.
3. PROPOSED MODELLING
Keeping in view all the advantages and disadvantages of all
the existing systems, a new system has been proposed here .In
this, combination of RFID, Pressure sensor,and Servo motor
is used to design the system.
The RFID is used to detect the speed, name, location and
other details of the train. The pressure sensor is not affected
by climate so it is best for use. Moreover, the servo motor
implies an error sensing feedback control which is utilized to
correct the performance of a system. We use a
microcontroller, a dedicated module designed particularly for
use with servomotors. Servo motors are DC motors that allow
for precise control of angular position. It uses the position
sensing device to figure out the rotational position of the
shaft, so it knows which way the motor must turn to move the
shaft.
The pressure sensor is installed on the tracks and RFID tag is
installed on the engine. When the train reaches near the
crossing, the pressure sensor senses the pressure and
generates the signal for the closing of gate. The pressure
sensor is connected with the microcontroller and the servo
motor is used for the controlling of the gates. The RFID
reader reads the train information when the train is detected.
When the RFID reads the tag, it will generate the alarming
signal at the crossing. The RFID reader is connected through
the microcontroller for better operations. With the help of
servo motor the system gets more reliable and there is very
less chance for any error.
Figure 1 and Figure 2 represent the block diagram and flow
chart of the proposed system respectively.
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