automatic control system bc nakra pdf
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I want to download automatic control system bc nakra pdf for college project.
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Automatic control in engineering and technology is a broad generic term that covers the application of mechanisms to the operation and regulation of processes without continuous direct human intervention.


It covers the range of application of a domestic thermostat that controls a boiler, to a large industrial control system with tens of thousands of input measurements and output control signals. The complexity of the control can range from simple on-off control to multi-variable high-level algorithms.

In the simplest type of an automatic control loop, a controller compares a measured value of a process with a desired set value, and processes the resulting error signal to change some input to the process, such that the process remains in Its set point despite the disturbances. This closed-loop control is a negative feedback application to a system. The mathematical basis of the theory of control began in the eighteenth century, and advanced rapidly in the twentieth century.

In the open loop control, the control action from the controller is independent of the "process output" (or "controlled process variable"). A good example of this is a central heating boiler controlled only by a timer, so that the heat is applied for a constant time, regardless of the temperature of the building. (The control action is the on / off of the boiler, the process output is the temperature of the building).

In the closed loop control, the control action of the controller depends on the output of the process. In the case of the boiler analogy, this would include a thermostat to control the building's temperature and thereby return a signal to ensure that the controller maintains the building at the set temperature on the thermostat. Therefore, a closed loop controller has a feedback loop which ensures that the controller exerts a control action to give a process output equal to the "Reference input" or "setpoint". For this reason, closed-loop controllers are also called feedback handlers.

The definition of a closed loop control system according to the British Standard Institution is "a control system that has monitoring feedback, the deviation signal formed as a result of this feedback which is used to control the action of an element of Final control in such a way that they tend to reduce the deviation to zero. "

Equally; "A feedback control system is a system that tends to maintain a prescribed relationship from one system variable to another by comparing functions of these variables and using difference as a means of control"

The advanced type of automation that revolutionized manufacturing, aircraft, communications and other industries is feedback control, which is often continuous and involves taking measurements with a sensor and making adjustments calculated to keep the measured variable within a set range . The theoretical basis of closed-loop automation is control theory.
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