Presented By:
Vishva Pratap singh

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Simulation & Modeling of “Sen Transformer ”
Introduction
Issues, Power Industry is Facing Today
1. Demand for electrical energy is increasing.
2. “Free Flow” makes particular transmission lines overloaded.
3. Construction of new transmission lines has become increasingly difficult and expensive.
4. Energy needs to be transported from the generating point to the end user along the most desirable path
Principles of Power Flow in a Transmission Line
Power flow in a transmission line depends on
– impedance
– voltage
– phase angle.
Leading voltage sends active power to the lagging voltage.
Available Solutions
Traditional Technology
– Voltage-Regulating Transformer
– Shunt Inductor/Capacitor
– Series Inductor/Capacitor
– Phase Angle Regulator
Voltage-Sourced Converter Based Technology
– STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM)
– Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)
– Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)
Voltage-Regulating Transformer
a) Regulates the line voltage in small steps by adding or subtracting a compensating voltage in series with the transmission line.
b) Produces a variable voltage.
A Phase Angle Regulator
 Regulates the phase angle of the line voltage by series connected compensating voltage that is in quadrature with respect to the line voltage.
What Are We Looking For in a Utility Application?
A power flow controller that is
– reliable
– independent regulator of active (P) and reactive (Q) power flow
– fast enough for a utility application
– inexpensive