03-01-2011, 03:07 PM
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By
Manoj Jena
INTRODUCTION
Antimatter is real.
Energy density of
chemical reaction is 1×107 J/kg.
nuclear fission is 8×1013 J/kg.
nuclear fusion is 3×1014 J/kg.
matter antimatter reaction is 9×1016 J/kg.
Highest energy release per unit mass.
Complete conversion of mass into energy.
WHAT IS ANTIMATTER?
Opposite of normal matter.
Basic components are:
positrons.
antiprotons.
antineutrons.
PRODUCTION OF ANTIMATTER.
Created from energy.
Protons are smashed into target.
Matter-antimatter particles are spontaneously created.
Antiproton head towards the Antiproton Decelerator.
ANTIPROTON DECCELERATOR (AD)
It consists of
vacuum tubes.
vacuum pumps.
magnets.
radiofrequency cavities.
high voltage instruments.
electronic circuits.
WORKING OF AD.
Antiproton have
energy spread.
transverse oscillations.
Focusing magnets.
Radiofrequency cavities decelerate the antiproton.
AD EXPERIMENTS.
ASACUSA (Atomic Spectroscopy And Collision Using Slow Antiprotons).
ATHENA (Antihydrogen Production and Precision Experiments).
ATRAP (Cold Anti hydrogen for precise laser Spectroscopy).
STORAGE.
Traps.
Appropriate configuration of electric and magnetic fields.
Good vacuum.
ANTIMATTER IN PROPULSION SYSTEM
Annihilation.
Newtonian rocket.
100 milligram for Space Shuttle.
ANTIMATTER PROPULSION SYSTEMS.
Two choice of propulsion
1)Electron-positron annihilation.
produces high energy gamma rays.
impossible to control.
very dangerous.
2)Proton-antiproton annihilation.
produces charged particles.
mass left over after annihilation.
