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Architecture of 8086

Unlike microcontrollers, microprocessors do not have inbuilt memory. Mostly Princeton architecture is used for microprocessors where data and program memory are combined in a single memory interface. Since a microprocessor does not have any inbuilt peripheral, the circuit is purely digital and the clock speed can be anywhere from a few MHZ to a few hundred MHZ or even GHZ. This increased clock speed facilitates intensive computation that a microprocessor is supposed to do.

We will discuss the basic architecture of Intel 8086 before discussing more advanced microprocessor architectures.

Internal architecture of Intel 8086:

Intel 8086 is a 16 bit integer processor. It has 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus. The lower 16-bit address lines and 16-bit data lines are multiplexed (AD0-AD15). Since 20-bit address lines are available, 8086 can access up to 2 20 or 1 Giga byte of physical memory.