An efficient algorithm for iris pattern recognition using 2D Gabor wavelet transformation in Matlab



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An introduction:

A dictionary defines image as a “reproduction or representation of the form of a person or
thing”. The inherent association of a human with the visual senses, predisposes one to
conceive an image as a stimulus on the retina of the eye, in which case the mechanism of
optics govern the image formation resulting in continuos range, multi-tone images.
A digital image can be defined to be a numerical representation of an object or more
strictly to be sampled, quantized function of two dimensions which has been generated by
optical means, sampled in an equally spaced rectangular grid pattern, and quantized in equal
intervals of graylevel.

WHY BIOMETRICS:

The word is crying out for the simpler access controls to personal authentication systems
and it looks like biometrics may be the answer. Instead of carrying bunch of keys, all those
access cards or passwords you carry around with you, your body can be used to uniquely
identify you. Furthermore, when biometrics measures are applied in combination with other
controls, such as access cards or passwords, the reliability of authentication controls takes a
giant step forward.

BIOMETRICS-AN OVERVIEW:

Biometrics is best defined as measurable physiological and/or behavioral
characteristics that can be utilized to verify the identity of an indivisual. They include the
following:
Iris scanning
Facial recognition
Fingerprint verification
Hand geometry
Retinal scanning
Signature verification
Voice verification


ADVANTAGES OF THE IRIS IDENTIFICATION:

Highly protected internal organ of the eye.
Iris patterns possess a high degree of randomness.
Variability: 244 degrees of freedom.
Entropy: 3.2 bits per square millimetre.
Uniqueness: set by combinatorial complexity.
Patterns apparently stable throughout life.


IRIS – An introduction:

The iris is a colored ring that surrounds the pupil and contains easily visible yet
complex and distinct combinations of corona, pits, filaments, crypts, striations, radial furrows
and more.
The iris is called the “Living password” because of its unique, random features. It’s
always with you and can’t be stolen or faked. As such it makes an excellent biometrics
identifier.