30-05-2017, 06:01 AM
What are the advantages and disadvantages of density based traffic system using microcontroller?
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advantages of density based traffic light system
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of density based traffic system using microcontroller?
31-05-2017, 10:22 AM
Today, traffic control becomes a major problem due to the rapid rise of cars and also due to the large delays between traffic lights. Therefore, in order to rectify this problem, we will go for density-based semaphore system. This article explains how to control traffic based on density.
Circuit diagram of density-based traffic signal system:
![[Image: Density-Based-Traffic-Lights-System-Circ...24x552.jpg]](http://www.electronicshub.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Density-Based-Traffic-Lights-System-Circuit-Diagram-1024x552.jpg)
Circuit Components:
• ATmega8 Controller
• PCB Board
• IR sensors -4
• LED's-12 (4-red, 4-green, 4-yellow)
• Battery or 12v adapter
• Serial cable
• Connection cables
Density Based Traffic Light Control System Circuit Design:
This circuit consists of 4 IR sensors, atmega8 microcontroller, 4 traffic lights.
The IR transmitter looks like an LED. This IR transmitter always emits IR rays from it. The operating voltage of this IR transmitter is 2 to 3v. These IR (infrared) rays are invisible to the human eye. But we can see these IR rays through the camera.
The IR receiver receives the IR rays that are transmitted by the IR transmitter. Normally the IR receiver has high resistance in order of mega ohms, when receiving the IR rays the resistance is very low. The IR receiver operating voltage also 2 to 3V.
We have to place these IR pairs in such a way that when we place an obstacle in front of this IR pair, the IR receiver must be able to receive the IR rays. When we give it power, the transmitted IR rays hit the object and reflect back to the IR receiver.
Instead of traffic lights, you can use LED (RED, GREEN, YELLOW). In the normal traffic system, the LEDs need to glow in time. If the traffic density is high on any particular route, then the green LED of that particular route lights up and the red LEDs for the remaining routes are lit. In the normal traffic system, we allow the traffic a time of 1 minute for each trajectory.
![[Image: IR-Sensor-Circuit.jpg]](http://www.electronicshub.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/IR-Sensor-Circuit.jpg)
The figure above shows the IR sensor circuit. Here 330 ohm resistance is used to drop the voltage otherwise the IR transmitter can get damaged. To vary the obstacle detection distance, we used a potentiometer. We have taken the output of the transistor manifold. This sensor provides the digital output.
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