advanced earthquake resistant techniques

Advanced Earthquake Resistant Design

Introduction

Whenever there is an earthquake related disaster in the news with collapsed buildings &other structure all over the place, one may think that earthquake resistant design(EQRD) of structure are still in dark age. Thus we desperately need advanced earthquake resistant design to make structure less vulnerable to earthquake even for large earthquake.
Seismology is the branch of Geophysics concerned with the study and analysis of Earthquakes and the science of energy propagation through the Earth’s crust.Engineering Seismology is concerned with the solution of engineering problems connected with the Earthquakes. Seismology is extremely important because:

Study of earthquakes gives us important clues about the earth’s interior
Understanding earthquakes allows us to minimize the damage and loss of life
What is an earthquake?

n An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of accumulated energy in elastically strained rocks
n Energy released radiates in all directions from its source, the focus
n Energy propagates in the form of seismic waves
n Sensitive instruments around the world record the event
What causes an earthquake?

Movement of Tectonic Plates

Earth is divided into sections called Tectonic plates that float on the fluid-like interior of the Earth. Earthquakes are usually caused by sudden movement of earth plates

Rupture of rocks along a fault

Faults are localized areas of weakness in the surface of the Earth,sometimes the plate boundary itself

How Earthquake Causes Damage

n The severe shaking produced by seismic waves can damage or destroy building & bridges , topple utility poles & fracture gas and water mains.
n S wave can put stress on building to tear them apart. Also trigger landslide or avalanches.
Construction Methods

n Base-isolation are designed in buildings . It is a building designed to reduce amount of energy that reaches the building during earthquake.
n Flexible joints and automatic shut off valves can be installed.
Protecting Against Earthquake Damage

Prepare a Seismic Risk Map for the globe which identifies rock types, liquefaction potential, landslide potential.

Extensive geologic surveying has to be done to identify all active faults, including hidden faults.

Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

Enact building codes to design and build earthquake-resistant structures in high seismic risk areas. wood, steel and reinforced concrete are preferred as they tend to move with the shaking ground (unreinforced concrete and heavy masonry tend to move independently and in opposition to the shaking, battering one another until the structure collapses)

Earthquake resistant expansion joint(ERJ)

Engineered Structure

Buildings need to be designed and constructed as per the building by laws to withstand ground shaking. Architectural and engineering inputs need to be put together to improve building design and construction practices. The soil type needs to be analyzed before construction. Building structures on soft soil should be avoided. Buildings on soft soil are more likely to get damaged even if the magnitude of the earthquake is not strong . Similar problems persist in the building constructed on the river banks which have alluvial soil.
Conclusion

In the coming years the work in the field of EQRD is very important to have safe structures which can take the effect of earthquake with less damage to the society.

Advanced earthquake resistant design

Introduction

When collapsed buildings and other infrastructure all over the place with news related disaster is not an earthquake, a structure that earthquake resistant design (EQRD) are also in the dark ages might think. In this way, we desperately need to design advanced earthquake resistant structure less vulnerable to large earthquakes earthquake to make.
Earthquake science and seismic analysis and study of the Earth's crust. Engineering seismology spread energy through is the branch of science concerned with land use associated with the earthquake engineering is concerned with solutions to problems. Seismology is extremely important because:

Earthquake study leads us to the Interior of the Earth is about returns
We understand the earthquake damage and loss of life allows to reduce
What is an earthquake?

Stressful than an earthquake resilience steadily release of energy stored in the rocks produced by the vibration of the Earth
N energy radiates in all directions from its source, focus released
N energy in seismic waves
N sensitive instruments record the event around the world
What causes an earthquake?

Tectonics of plates movement

Tectonic plates Earth sections like Earth fluids is called float on the Interior is divided into. Earthquakes are usually caused by sudden movement of Earth plates are

The breakdown of rocks with a fault

Fault weaknesses in the Earth's surface in themselves limit areas are sometimes local plate

How earthquake causes damage

N produced by seismic waves or severe shaking the building and can destroy bridges, utility poles and fracture gas and water mains topple.
N s wave to tear them apart can be harder on building. In addition to trigger landslides or avalanches.
Construction methods

N base-isolation buildings are ready. This is the amount of energy that a building during the earthquake reaches the building created to reduce.
N flexible joints and automatic shut-off valve can be installed.
Protects against damage from earthquake

Globe rock type, identifies potential liquefaction, landslide potential prepare a seismic risk map.

Comprehensive geologic survey of hidden defects, including all active fault, can be used to identify.

Earthquake resistant design of structures

Building codes enacted in seismic risk areas designed and high earthquake resistant structures to build. Wood, steel and reinforced concrete are preferred as they are shaking to move with the ground (unreinforced concrete and masonry to protest freely and shaking to move, battering each other structure falling)

Earthquake resistant joint extension (ERJ)

Engineer structure

The building is designed and built according to building by shaking need to face the ground. Architecture and engineering inputs to be kept together, building design and construction practices need to improve. Before the creation of the type of soil should be analyzed. Soft on the building structures should be avoided. More damaged buildings on soft soil to even strengthen the magnitude of the earthquake is not likely. Similarly, alluvial soil building problems building on the banks of the River are applied.
Conclusion

In the coming years EQRD work in the field of safe structures that reduce the impact of earthquakes with damages society can take to is very important.