Advance Networking

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CHAPTER FIRST

NETWORKING TERMINOLOGY
THE NETWORK MODELS
TOPOLOGIES
NETWORK CATEGORIES

NETWORKING TERMINOLOGY
The networking is the process, in which information of any type is transfers between the networks. Some of the common terminologies that are used in computer networking are:
1. Networks
2. Server
3. Client
4. Peers
5. Host computers
6. Terminals
7. Authentication
8. Encryption
9. Network Directories
10. Networking Standards
11. Standards organizations

NETWORKS: A computer network is a group of computers that are connected together to communicate and share resources such as files, printers, and email.


SERVER: A server is a network computer that shares resources with and responds to requests from other network computers, including other servers.
CLIENT : A Client is a network computer that utilizes the resources of other network computers including other clients
.
PEER: A peer is a self-sufficient computer that acts as both a server and a client to other similar computers on the network.(from above fig.)
HOST COMPUTER: A host computer is a powerful, centralized computer system, such as a mainframe computer, that performs data storage and processing tasks on behalf of clients and other network devices .

TERMINAL - A terminal is a specialized network device on a host-based network that transmits the data entered by the user to host for processing and displays the results.

AUTHENTICATION: Authentication is a network security measure in which a computer user or some other network component proves its identity in order to gain access to network resources. The possible authentication method is:


User Name .
Password Authentication.
ENCRYPTION: Encryption is a network security measure in which information is encoded or scrambled prior to transmission so that it cannot be read unless the recipient knows the decoding mechanism, or key.
NETWORK DIRECTORY:A network directory, or directory service, is a centralized database that includes objects such as servers, clients, computers, usernames, and passwords.
NETWORKING STANDARDS: A networking standard is a set of specifications, guidelines, or characteristics applied to network components to ensure interoperability and consists between them. Formalization of standards is done by International Organization for Standardization.
SOME STANDARED ORGANIZATIONS -
A networking standard is a set of specifications, guidelines, or characteristics applied to network components to ensure interoperability and consistency between them Formalization of standards is done by International Organization for Standardization. International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)
Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)




NETWORK BULDING BLOCKS-

The building blocks of the networks, which are used to construct network are:

NODES- A node is any network device that can connect to the network and can generate, process, or transfer network data. Network nodes can be either:
ENDPOINTS: Nodes that function as the source or the destination of data.

REDISTRIBUTION POINTS: Nodes that are devices used to transfer data, such as a network hub or router.