11-09-2017, 09:27 AM
The term "disaster" owes its origin to the French word. The term "disaster" owes its origin to the French word "Disaster", which is the combination of two terms "des" Disaster, which is the combination of two terms "des" bad or bad meaning and star of the meaning of "astre" . Bad or evil themeaning and 'astre' meaning star. The combination expression is 'Bad or Evil Star'. The expression of the combination is 'bad or bad star'.
The characteristics to consider in the stage of architectural planning and structural design of buildings for protection against earthquakes are:
a) Building configurationb) Foundation
c) Control of openings in walls
d) Reinforced concrete belts in masonry buildings.
e) Vertical reinforcement.
The measures of protection against flood are:
i) Residing on the banks and slopes of rivers should be avoided.
ii) The buildings must be built 250 meters from the sea shore.
(iii) Build an appropriate drainage system in all flood prone areas.
iv) Build the entire village or settlement on a raised platform higher than the high level of flood.
v) Build the building with a socket level higher than the known high level of flood.
The measures taken to control land degradation in different areas of our country are:
(i) Soil erosion in mountainous areas can be verified by building terraces for agriculture.
(ii) Gully outlet for the construction of control dams.
(iii) An afforestation can control soil erosion on slopes.
(iv) In arid zones the preparation of plant protection belts controls grazing of animals and growth of thorny shrubs to stabilize sand dunes.
(v) In semi-arid areas, damp conservation, weed control and proper waste management.
vi) Control of mining activities are some of the methods to curbegradation.
