abstract on concrete technology
#1

Hi I request for abstract on concrete technology especially on strength and materials requirement
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#2

In its simplest form, concrete is a mixture of pulp and aggregates (rocks). The paste, composed essentially of portland cement and water, covers the surface of the fine (small) and coarse (major) aggregates. Through a series of chemical reactions called hydration, the paste hardens and gains strength to form the rock mass known as concrete.

Within this process lies the key to a remarkable feature of the concrete: it is plastic and malleable when freshly mixed, strong and durable when it hardens. These qualities explain why concrete material can build skyscrapers, bridges, sidewalks and superhighways, houses and dams.

Concrete is a compound with properties that change over time. During the service, the quality of the concrete provided by the initial curing can be improved by subsequent wetting as in the case of foundations or water retention structures. However, concrete can also deteriorate over time due to physical and chemical attacks. Structures are often removed when they become unsafe or uneconomical. The lack of durability has become a major concern in the construction of the last 20 to 30 years.

Concrete In some developed countries, it is not uncommon to find a large amount of resources, such as 30 to 50% of the total infrastructure budget, for the repair and maintenance of existing structures. As a result, many government and private developers are studying lifecycle costs more than the first cost of construction. The durability of concrete depends on many factors, including its physical and chemical properties, service environment and design life. As such, durability is not a fundamental property.

Concrete that performs satisfactorily in a severe environment may deteriorate prematurely in another situation where it is considered moderate. This is mainly due to differences in the failure mechanism of various exposure conditions. The physical properties of concrete are often discussed in terms of the permeation of the movement of aggressive agents inside and outside the concrete.
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