03-05-2011, 04:42 PM
Abstract—
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is collection of
multi-hop wireless mobile nodes that communicate with each
other without centralized control or established infrastructure.
The wireless links in this network are highly error prone and
can go down frequently due to mobility of nodes, interference
and less infrastructure. Therefore, routing in MANET is a
critical task due to highly dynamic environment. In recent years,
several routing protocols have been proposed for mobile ad hoc
networks and prominent among them are DSR, AODV and
TORA. This research paper provides an overview of these
protocols by presenting their characteristics, functionality,
benefits and limitations and then makes their comparative
analysis so to analyze their performance. The objective is to
make observations about how the performance of these
protocols can be improved.
Index Terms—AODV, DSR, MANET, TORA
I. INTRODUCTION
The wireless network can be classified into two types:
Infrastructured or Infrastructure less. In Infrastructured
wireless networks, the mobile node can move while
communicating, the base stations are fixed and as the node
goes out of the range of a base station, it gets into the range of
another base station. The fig. 1, given below, depicts the
Infrastructured wireless network.
In Infrastructureless or Ad Hoc wireless network, the
mobile node can move while communicating, there are no
fixed base stations and all the nodes in the network act as
routers. The mobile nodes in the Ad Hoc network
dynamically establish routing among themselves to form
their own network ‘on the fly’. This type of network can be
shown as in fig. 2.
Fig. 1: Infrastructured Wireless Networks
1 Department of Computer Science & Applications, Smt. Aruna Asaf Ali
Government Post Graduate College, Kalka-133302, Haryana, India affiliated
to Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra (phone: +919467237272; e-mail:
suniltaneja.iitd[at]gmail.com).
† Department of Computer Science & Applications, University College,
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-132119, Haryana, India (phone:
+919896210014; e-mail: akush20[at]gmail.com).
Fig. 2: Infrastructureless or Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of
wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary/short-lived
network without any fixed infrastructure where all nodes are
free to move about arbitrarily and where all the nodes
configure themselves. In MANET, each node acts both as a
router and as a host & even the topology of network may also
change rapidly. Some of the challenges in MANET include:
1) Unicast routing
2) Multicast routing
3) Dynamic network topology
4) Speed
5) Frequency of updates or Network overhead
6) Scalability
7) Mobile agent based routing
8) Quality of Service
9) Energy efficient/Power aware routing
10) Secure routing
The key challenges faced at different layers of MANET
are shown in Fig. 3. It represents layered structure and
approach to ad hoc networks.
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