802.15.4 and Zigbee
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Introduction
 Wired telephony network Cellular Network
 Need for mobility
 Cost of laying new wires
 Cellular Network WLAN
 IEEE 802.11
 Long range (100m), Data throughput of 2-11Mbps
 WLAN WPAN
 Low-cost, low power, short range, very small size
 High rate(802.15.3) – Multi-Media
 Medium rate(802.15.1) – Cell phones, PDA, Voice
 Low rate (802.15.4) – relaxed QoS, very low power
Zigbee and 802.15.4
 ZigBee
 Low data rate, low power consumption, wireless networking protocol aimed at automation and remote control applications
 802.15.4
 Focuses on specification of lower 2 layers of protocol stack
 Details specification of PHY and MAC by offering building blocks for “star, mesh, and cluster tree networks”
 ZigBee vs. Bluetooth
 Simpler, lower data rate, sleeps more often
 Leads to longer lifetimes, but less responsive
IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN Standard
 WPAN components
 Fully Functional Devices (FFD)
 Reduced Function Devices (RFD)
 Each network has at least one FFD as PAN coordinator
 Network Topologies
 Star (home automation, PC peripherals, toys, games)
 Mesh/Peer-to-Peer (industrial control, WSNs, inventory tracking)
 Cluster Tree (special case of Peer-to-Peer with many FFDs)
 LR-WPAN Device Architecture
 PHY/MAC
 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC)
 Service Specific Convergence Sublayer (SSCS)
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY
 Features
 Activation/Deactivation of radio transceiver
 Energy Detection (ED)
 Link Quality Indication (LQI)
 Channel Selection
 Clear Channel Assessment (CCA)
 Transmission/Reception of packets over physical medium
 Receiver Energy Detection
 Estimate of received signal power within bandwidth of channel
 Intended for use by network layer for channel selection
 Link Quality Indication
 Characterization of strength /quality of received packet
 Implemented using ED, SNR, or combination
 Clear Channel Assessment
 Energy above ED threshold
 Carrier Sense Only
 Carrier Sense with energy above threshold
 PHY protocol data unit
 SHR – allows receiving device to synchronize with bit stream
 PHR – contains frame length information
 Variable length payload carriying MAC sublayer frame
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
 Features
 Beacon Management
 Channel Access
 Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS ) management
 Frame Validation
 Acknowledged Frame Delivery
 Association/Dissassociation with PAN coordinator
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