7EC1- ANTENNA & WAVE PROPAGATION

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UNIT 1 : ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS
- Antenna parameters, Radiation from a current element in free
space. Quarter & half wave antenna. Reciprocity theorem. Resonant and non-resonant antenna. Effective
length and aperature, gain, beamwidth, directivity, radiation resistance, efficiency, polarization,
impedance and directional characteristics of antenna, antenna temperature.
.
UNIT 3 : ANTENNAS -
V and Rhombic antennas, Folded dipole, Yagi-Uda antenna, Frequency
independent antennas, Log-periodic antennas,UHF and Microwave antennas- Antenna with parabolic
reflectors, Horn and Lens antennas, Helical antennas, Square and Circular loop antennas, Fundamentals
of Slot and Microstrip antennas.
UNIT 2 : ANTENNA ARRAYS -
Two element array, N-element linear arrays, Broadside, End fire,
collinear and combination arrays, Multiplication of patterns, Binomial arrays. Effect of ground on
antennas, Antenna loading
Antenna Measurements
- Antenna impedance, radiation pattern, gain, directivity, polarization and phase
measurements
UNIT 4 : RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION
- Mechanism of radio wave propagation, Reflection, Refraction
interference and diffraction of radio waves. Theory of ground wave, space wave and sky wave
propagation. Plane earth reflection, Reflection factors for horizontal and vertical polarizations. Duct
propagation and tropospheric scattering


7EC2 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING


UNIT 1 : SAMPLING -
Discrete time processing of Continuous-time signals, continuous-time processing
of discrete-time signals, changing the sampling rate using discrete-time processing.
UNIT 2 : TRANSFORM ANALYSIS OF LTI SYSTEMS -
Introduction, The frequency response of LTI
systems, System functions for systems characterized by LCCD (Linear Constant Coefficient Difference)
equations, All-pass system, Minimum-Phase systems, Linear systems with linear phase.
UNIT 3 : STRUCTURES FOR DISCRETE-TIME SYSTEMS-
Block diagram and signal flow graph
representation of LCCD (LCCD – Linear Constant Coefficient Difference) equations, Basic structures for
IIR and FIR systems, Transposed forms.
UNIT 4 : FILTER DESIGN TECHNIQUES -
Introduction, Analog filter Design: Butterworth &
Chebyshev.IIR filter design by impulse invariance & Bilinear transformation. Design of FIR filters by
Windowing: Rectangular, Hanning, Hamming & Kaiser.
UNIT 5 :
The Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), Properties of the DFT, Linear Convolution using DFT.
Efficient computation of the DFT: Decimation–in-Time and Decimation-in frequency FFT Algorithms.
Processing of speech signals: Vocoders, linear predictive coders.