presented by:
Suresh R. Borkar

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3G and 4G Wireless – Advances and Challenges
 Where are we?
 3G Wireless Summary
 Where do we Want to go?
 Evolution to Seamless Networking
 4G Wireless
 Challenges
Where are We?
 Classic Wireline MaBell Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
– US Universal coverage achieved early 1980’s
 “Wireless” First Generation Analog Systems
– Speech
– AMPS, TACS
 Second Generation Digital Systems
– Enhanced Capacity
– CDMA, D-AMPS, TDMA, GSM, DECT, PDC
 2.5 Generation Systems
– Low Speed Data
– GPRS, EDGE
 Third Generation Systems
– “INTERNET” on Wireless
– WiFi/HyperLAN <-> WiMAX/HyperWAN <-> CDMA2000/WCDMA
– Evolution to All IP Network including VoIP
Representative Wireless Standards
 GSM/TDMA
– Time Division Multiplexing based access
 CDMA
– Code Division Multiplexing based access
 OFDM
– Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
TDMA/FDMA
CDMA
Multipath Arrival of Signals
CDMA Rake Receiver
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
 Successor to Frequency Hopping and Direct Sequence CDMA
 Capability to cancel multipath distortion in a spectrally efficient manner without requiring multiple local oscillators (802.11a and 802.16)
 Based on use of IFFT and FFT
 Frequency orthogonality as compared to code orthogonality in CDMA using Walsh Code
3G Services
Key Mobility Services
 Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS)
– Text, sounds, images, and video
– Transition from Short Message Service (SMS)
– Open Internet standards for messaging
 Web Applications
– Information portals
– Wireless Markup Language (WML) with signals using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
 Location Communications Services
– Location Awareness Based
 Personalization of information presentation format
– Service capability negotiations (MExE environment)
Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic (CAMEL)
 CAMEL = IN + Service portability (incl mobility and roaming)
 Virtual Private Network (VPN)
• Mobile user <-> ISP <-> corporate server
• Mobility, Security, Capacity and quality
 Prepaid, Usage Limitations, Advanced Routing Services
 Virtual Home Environment (VHE)
• Subscriber profile, charging information, Service information, numbering information
• Integration of array of services, content conversion to heterogeneous services, network user profile, location aware services
3G Evolution
Some Representative Current Wireless Options
 3G Cellular (WCDMA)
– Frequency Division Duplex (FDD): Uplink and Downlink are separated in frequency – (“symmetric”)
– Time Division Duplex (TDD): Uplink and Downlink are separated in time – allows “asymmetric” traffic (adjust time slots in uplink and downlink)
 3G Cellular (CDMA2000)
 Wi Fi
– 802.11a and 802.11b; HyperLAN2
– 2.4 GHz band
 WiMAX
– 802.16d (fixed); 802.16e (“portable”)
– 5.8 GHz band; 10 – 20 Mbps symmetrical BW
 Blue Tooth
– RF based LAN technology; 20-30 feet coverage
– 2.4 GHz band
3G WCDMA
 Release 99
 Release 4
 Release 5
 Domains, Protocols, and Channels
 Radio Resource Management
 Network Dimensioning and Optimization
 Quality of Service (QoS0 and Location Services
Release 99
 Radio Bearer Negotiations
 Traffic Classes
 Complex Scrambling
 Speech Codec – (eight) Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR)
 Battery Life
 Transmission “spatial/antenna” diversity
 Compressed Mode
– Measurements in multiple frequency
– Use of transmission time reduction techniques
 # PDP Contexts per IP Address
 QPSK; coherent detection; Rake receiver
 Short and Long Spreading Codes
 Multicall – several simultaneous CS calls with dedicated bearers of independent traffic and performance characteristics
 Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) Phase 3
Release 4
 Bearer Independent Core Network
 Tandem Free Operation (TFO), Transcoder Free Operation (TrFO), and Out of Band Transcoder Control (OoBTC)
 Low Chip Rate TDD Operation
 Network Assisted Cell Change
 FDD Repeater
 NodeB Synchronization for TDD
 IPv6 packet switched network supporting both real time and non-real time traffic
– Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) replacing SS7
 Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
 MSC/VLR -> MSC server (mobility management) and MGW (Connection management subtasks)
 Multimedia Message Service (MMS) environment
Release 5
 IP Transport in UTRAN
 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) (upto 10 Mbps)
 Intra Domain Connection to Multiple CN Nodes (Iuflex)
 IP Multimedia CN Subsystem (IMS)
 “Guaranteed” End to End (E2E) QoS in the PS domain
 Global Text Telephony
 Support for Real Time Services in packet domain
 CAMEL Phase 4
HSDPA
 Peak Data rate > 10 Mbps
 Same spectrum by both voice and data
– Up to 12 spreading codes for High Speed DSCH (HS-DSCH)
– Fast page link Adaptation
– Both code and time division for channel sharing
 Transmission Time interval 2 ms
 Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ)
– Automatic optimizations to Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)
 QPSK and 16 QAM modulation at 3.84 Mhz symbol; spreading factor fixed to 16
 Incremental Redundancy or chase combining (CH)
 New DPCCH2 in uplink primarily for HARQ channel state info