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12-09-2017, 10:14 PM

I am looking for biology project on genetic basis on inheritance...

jaseela123d · 13-09-2017, 12:16 PM

All living organisms have essentially reproductive capacity. The descendants of all organisms (plants and animals) resemble their parents in the various aspects. Why is it then? The answer lies in the phenomenon of heredity. Inheritance literally means "tendency of how to beget as", that is, all living organisms tend to produce young like them. This is the transfer of biological information from the generation of parents to the new organism through the egg and sperm. For example, the cow can produce cows and never cats or elephants.

This tendency of individuals to resemble their progenitors is called heredity. Although descendants of a species may closely resemble their parents but never seem to a particular set of parents differ from each other and their parents in many respects and to different degrees.

In other words, we can say that each species has its individuality, that is, that each species is recognizable by its specific morphological, physiological and behavioral characteristics. For example, each person has certain peculiar characteristics for which it is easily recognized by other people. Similarly, dogs of the same breed are distinguished from each other by certain structural differences.

Thus, the offspring are similar to their parents, but not exactly. They differ not only from each other but also from their parents in many characters. These differences are called variations. Variations can be of two types.

1. Variations that are inherited from one generation to another are called hereditary variations, and

2. Variations that are not inherited but are due to temperature, humidity, food, light or other environmental factors that affect the development of the organism are called environmental variations.

For example, the differences between a well nourished and malnourished person are environmental because they are due to the food factor.

The branch of biological science that deals with heredity and variations is called genetics. Both inheritance and variations play an important role in organic evolution, as well as in speciation, that is, the formation of new species. The word genetic (Greek, gene to grow or to generate) was proposed by William Bateson (1906).

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