A substation is part of a system of generation, transmission and electrical distribution. Substations generally have switching, protection and control equipment and transformers. Low voltage distribution networks are supplied from substation transformers that represent the last step of bringing transformation to low voltage and ensuring network protection and monitoring. This work presents a general description of the different MT / BT substations and a methodology for the design of the different elements that make up the public distribution substation (site selection, engineering, power transformer, pin isolators, lightning rods, fuses DO,, Drivers, etc.).
In addition to changing voltages, the substation has a variety of protection devices such as circuit breakers and fuses to protect the distribution network. These are designed in such a way that various distribution circuits can be isolated for load shadowing and repairs. A distribution substation is a combination of switching, control and voltage reduction equipment arranged to reduce the sub-transmission voltage to the primary distribution voltage for residential, agricultural, commercial and industrial loads. In addition to transforming the voltage, the distribution substation also isolates faults in the transmission or distribution system. Distribution substations are typically voltage regulation points.
It can be understood in the following video: