Vertical Cavity surface Emission Lasers (VCSEL) are lasers that emit light from their surface in contrast with regular ???edge emittersâ„¢. Also they have got a vertical cavity , as the name suggests, which enables surface emission.???Vixels??? , as they are commonly called ,have several superior characteristics compared to their edge emitting counter parts.

VCSEL Semiconductor micro laser diodes which emit light perpendicular to their PN junction in a cylindrical beam vertically from the surface of a fabricated wafer and feature circul ....etc

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Please send me hifi seminar report in ppt and pdf file type
Send me hifi seminar report,in ppt and pdf, file type for presentation ....etc

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ABSTRACT

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a phenomenon occurring at metal surfaces(typically gold and silver) when an incident light beam strikes the surface at a particular angle.Depending on the thickness of a molecular layer at the metal surface,the SPR phenomenon results in a graded reduction in intensity of the reflected light.Biomedical applications take advantage of the exquisite sensitivity of SPR to the refractive index of the medium next to the metal surface, which makes it possible to measure accurately the adsorption of molecul ....etc

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SURFACE COMPUTER



INTRODUCTION

Surface computing is the term for the use of a specialized computer GUI in which
traditional GUI elements are replaced by intuitive, everyday objects. Instead of a
keyboard and mouse, the user interacts directly with a touch-sensitive screen.It is a
natural user interface.
Surface computer was created by Microsoft with surface(code named Milan)
The Surface is a horizontal display on a table-like form.A surface computer is a computer
that interacts with the user through t ....etc

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Surface mount technology is an easiest and prefect form of mounting components in Printed Circuit Boards. It entails making reliable interconnections on the board at great speeds, at reduced cost. To achieve these, SMT needed new types of surface mount components, new testing techniques, new assembling technique, new mounting techniques and a new set of design guidelines.

SMT is completely different from insertion mounting. The difference depends on the availability and cost of surface mounting elements. Thus the designer has no c ....etc

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The effect of sub surface defects in surface roughness monitoring through ultrasonic flaw detector.
Objective
 To study the effect of sub surface defects in surface roughness monitoring through ultrasonic flaw detector.
 To study the sizing of defects.
Ultrasound Concepts
• All sound waves, whether audible or ultrasonic, are mechanical vibrations involving movement of the medium in which they are traveling. A sound wave may be transmitted through any material which behaves in an elastic manner.
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