Genetic programming (GP) is an automated methodology inspired by biological evolution to find computer programs that best perform a user-defined task. It is therefore a particular machine learning technique that uses an evolutionary algorithm to optimize a population of computer programs according to a fitness landscape determined by a program's ability to perform a given computational task. The first experiments with GP were reported by Stephen F. Smith (1980) and Nichael L. Cramer (1985), as described in the famous book Genetic Programming: O ....etc

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OpenGL is a widely-accepted application programming interface (API) for interactive 3D graphics rendering and 2D imaging. It provides device-independent support for common low-level 3D graphics drawing operations such as polygon specification, basic lighting control, transformation specification, and framebuffer operations like blending and depth-buffering.

It also provides mechanisms for sending and retrieving 2D images to and from the framebuffer, and integrates 3D graphics with 2D imaging through texture mapping. While other low-level gra ....etc

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Definition
Object-oriented programming (OOP) has been presented as a technology that can fundamentally aid software engineering, because the underlying object model provides a better fit with real domain problems. However most software systems consist of several concerns that crosscut multiple modules. Object-oriented techniques for implementing such concerns result in systems that are invasive to implement, tough to understand, and difficult to evolve. This forces the implementation of those design decisions to be scattered throughout the cod ....etc

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INTRODUCTION
The national commission on urbanization (NCU) has noted that “urban transportationis the single most important component instrumental in shaping urban development & urbanliving” In the next millennium, almost all the metropolitan cities are a serious threats ofenvironmental pollution, traffic congestion, parking problem, population burden etc.Massrapid transit systems (MRTS) are rail based urban transit systems and the only mode of
public transportation capable of carrying large number of people in ....etc

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CGI stands for Common Gateway Interface. CGI is the method by which a web server can obtain data from (or send data to) databases, documents, and other programs, and present that data to viewers via the web. More simply, CGI is programming for the web. A CGI can be written in any programming language, but Perl is the most popular, and for the course of this book, Perl is the language we'll be using.

Why learn CGI?
If you're going to create web pages, then at some point you'll want to add a counter, a form to let visitors send you mail o ....etc

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Definition

Extreme Programming (XP) is actually a deliberate and disciplined approach to software development. About six years old, it has already been proven at many companies of all different sizes and industries worldwide. XP is successful because it stresses customer satisfaction. The methodology is designed to deliver the software your customer needs when it is needed. XP empowers software developers to confidently respond to changing customer requirements, even late in the life cycle. This methodology also emphasizes teamwork. Managers ....etc

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contract and cash flows in construction



Introduction
Construction Industry is one of the most booming industries in the whole world. This industry is mainly an urban based one which is concerned with preparation as well as construction of real estate properties. The repairing of any existing building or making certain alterations in the same also comes under Construction Industry. This industry can be categorized into three basic categories namely:-
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Contract farming

In India agriculture is still based largely on small family holdings, seasonal production and traditional cultivation and management practices. most small farmers are independent producers, who sell their produce individually and have little bargaining power with input suppliers and produce markets. Agricultural marketing is similarly underdeveloped, with overlapping marketing channels, inadequate infrastructure and price information, a lack of postharvest management expertise and poor packaging of produce.But now ....etc

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Definition

Sockets are interfaces that can plug into each other over a network. Once so plugged in, the programs so connected communicate. A server program is exposed via a socket connected to a certain /etc/services port number. A client program can then connect its own socket to the server's socket, at which time the client program's writes to the socket are read as stdin to the server program, and stdout from the server program are read from the client's socket reads.

Before a user process can perform I/O operations, it calls ....etc

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Anandu pv
B.tech mechanical engineering ....etc

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